Abstract: To prevent misreading of barcodes and to allow accurate outputting of bar data even when an element is damaged or blurred, an optical information reading device containing a computation means 23a for adding widths of 6 elements containing a bar and a space that are adjacent within one character to derive respective patterns of 2- through n-element added widths and for converting each of the patterns of 2- through n-element added widths into the module number for one character to obtain the module numbers of the patterns of the 2- through n-element added widths; an extraction means 23b for narrowing down the target characters to extract a candidate character wherein the target character is that each module number of the 2- through n-element widths is an integer with an error equal to or less than 1; and a search means 23d for comparing the extracted candidate character, having the module numbers of the patterns of the 2- through n-element added widths with the expected value character for evaluating the candid

Abstract: A production process of an ?-fluoroaldehyde according to the present invention includes reaction of an ?-fluoroester with hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a ruthenium complex. It is possible in the present invention to allow relatively easy industrial production of the ?-fluoroaldehyde and to directly obtain, as stable synthetic equivalents of the ?-fluoroaldehyde, not only a hydrate (as obtained by conventional techniques) but also a hemiacetal that is easy to purify and is of high value in synthetic applications. The present invention provides solutions to all problems in the conventional techniques and establishes the significantly useful process for production of the ?-fluoroaldehyde.

Abstract: In a decoding method, photoelectric conversion is performed on light reflected by a code image, a read signal indicating intensity of the reflected light is produced, and the produced read signal is differentiated to produce a derivative signal. The inflection points of intensity of the reflected light in the read signal are detected from the derivative signal and peak levels, each of which is an extreme value of the intensity of the reflected light, the peak level corresponding to a width between the detected inflection points, are detected. A difference between the detected peak levels is then obtained and threshold values for decoding the read signal are set from the obtained difference. This enables the read signal to be decoded even when the code image is spotted with a stain or its printing quality is inferior or even when the read signal is read in its defocus state.

Abstract: A code symbol reading apparatus, that reads a code symbol on an object to be read by scanning the object, repeats trial to read the code symbol until the apparatus succeeds in reading, while changing a transmission frequency of a filter that processes a signal representing a light intensity variation obtained through the scan and in which transmittance depends on a frequency of the signal.

Abstract: A production process of an ?-fluoroaldehyde according to the present invention includes reaction of an ?-fluoroester with hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a ruthenium complex. It is possible in the present invention to allow relatively easy industrial production of the ?-fluoroaldehyde and to directly obtain, as stable synthetic equivalents of the ?-fluoroaldehyde, not only a hydrate (as obtained by conventional techniques) but also a hemiacetal that is easy to purify and is of high value in synthetic applications. The present invention provides solutions to all problems in the conventional techniques and establishes the significantly useful process for production of the ?-fluoroaldehyde.

Abstract: A production process of an ?-fluoroaldehyde according to the present invention includes reaction of an ?-fluoroester with hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a ruthenium complex. It is possible in the present invention to allow relatively easy industrial production of the ?-fluoroaldehyde and to directly obtain, as stable synthetic equivalents of the ?-fluoroaldehyde, not only a hydrate (as obtained by conventional techniques) but also a hemiacetal that is easy to purify and is of high value in synthetic applications. The present invention provides solutions to all problems in the conventional techniques and establishes the significantly useful process for production of the ?-fluoroaldehyde.

Abstract: A production process of an ?-fluoroaldehyde according to the present invention includes reaction of an ?-fluoroester with hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a ruthenium complex. It is possible in the present invention to allow relatively easy industrial production of the ?-fluoroaldehyde and to directly obtain, as stable synthetic equivalents of the ?-fluoroaldehyde, not only a hydrate (as obtained by conventional techniques) but also a hemiacetal that is easy to purify and is of high value in synthetic applications. The present invention provides solutions to all problems in the conventional techniques and establishes the significantly useful process for production of the ?-fluoroaldehyde.

Abstract: To prevent misreading of barcodes and to allow accurate outputting of bar data even when an element is damaged or blurred, an optical information reading device containing a computation means 23a for adding widths of 6 elements containing a bar and a space that are adjacent within one character to derive respective patterns of 2- through n-element added widths and for converting each of the patterns of 2- through n-element added widths into the module number for one character to obtain the module numbers of the patterns of the 2- through n-element added widths; an extraction means 23b for narrowing down the target characters to extract a candidate character wherein the target character is that each module number of the 2- through n-element widths is an integer with an error equal to or less than 1; and a search means 23d for comparing the extracted candidate character, having the module numbers of the patterns of the 2- through n-element added widths with the expected value character for evaluating the candid

Abstract: A code symbol reading apparatus, that reads a code symbol on an object to be read by scanning the object, repeats trial to read the code symbol until the apparatus succeeds in reading, while changing a transmission frequency of a filter that processes a signal representing a light intensity variation obtained through the scan and in which transmittance depends on a frequency of the signal.

Abstract: A display device to display an image corresponding to image signals in a display area is provided. The display device includes a backlight including individually placed light sources corresponding to areas in the display area; a panel that includes pixels corresponding to the display area and that changes transmittance of light from the light sources in units of pixels; a panel control unit to individually set emission brightness of each of the light sources in accordance with the image signals and set the transmittance of light in each of the pixels in accordance with the emission brightness; a storage unit to store a nonlinear conversion table to convert the emission brightness to a light source control value for the backlight; and a backlight control unit to convert the emission brightness to the light source control value in accordance with the nonlinear conversion table and supply the light source control value to the backlight.

Abstract: In the decoding method, the photoelectric conversion is performed on the light reflected by a code image, a read signal indicating intensity of the reflected light is produced, and the produced read signal is differentiated to produce a derivative signal. On the assumption of this, the inflection points of intensity of the reflected light in the read signal are detected from the produced derivative signal and peak levels as shown in FIG. 9, each of which is an extreme value of the intensity of the reflected light, the peak level corresponding to a width length between the detected inflection points, are detected. A difference between the detected peak levels is then obtained and threshold values ThB2, ThS2 for decoding the read signal are set from the obtained difference between the peak levels. This enables the read signal of the code image to be decoded even when the code image is spotted with a stain or its printing quality is inferior or even when the read signal is read in its defocus state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a backlight control apparatus for controlling a backlight used in a liquid crystal display, the backlight having a lighting area that includes a plurality of blocks in each of which a backlight luminance is individually allowed to change. The apparatus includes a backlight control unit that calculates the backlight luminance of each block so that the absolute value of the difference between a backlight lighting ratio and 1 is at or below a first value, and controls the backlight so as to yield the calculated backlight luminances of the respective blocks, the backlight lighting ratio being the ratio between backlight set values of neighboring blocks.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display unit having a display screen divided into a plurality of regions and controlled using a transmittance ratio on a pixel-by-pixel basis, a backlight including a plurality of sets of light sources, each set being disposed so as to correspond to one of the regions, and a control unit for identifying display luminance in each region, computing the emission luminance of each light source on the basis of the identified display luminance while taking into account an effect on the region of the other light sources not corresponding to the region, and computing a correction value for each pixel on the basis of a shift amount between the set emission luminance and an optimal display luminance for one of the regions, and delivering a display driving signal generated on the basis of the correction value to each pixel so as to control the luminance of the pixel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a backlight control apparatus for controlling a backlight used in a liquid crystal display, the backlight having a lighting area that includes a plurality of blocks in each of which a backlight luminance is individually allowed to change. The apparatus includes a backlight control unit that calculates the backlight luminance of each block so that the absolute value of the difference between a backlight lighting ratio and 1 is at or below a first value, and controls the backlight so as to yield the calculated backlight luminances of the respective blocks, the backlight lighting ratio being the ratio between backlight set values of neighboring blocks.

Abstract: A display device to display an image corresponding to image signals in a display area is provided. The display device includes a backlight including individually placed light sources corresponding to areas in the display area; a panel that includes pixels corresponding to the display area and that changes transmittance of light from the light sources in units of pixels; a panel control unit to individually set emission brightness of each of the light sources in accordance with the image signals and set the transmittance of light in each of the pixels in accordance with the emission brightness; a storage unit to store a nonlinear conversion table to convert the emission brightness to a light source control value for the backlight; and a backlight control unit to convert the emission brightness to the light source control value in accordance with the nonlinear conversion table and supply the light source control value to the backlight.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display unit having a display screen divided into a plurality of regions and controlled using an aperture ratio on a pixel-by-pixel basis, a backlight including a plurality of sets of light sources, each set being disposed so as to correspond to one of the regions, and a control unit for detecting display luminance in each region, computing the emission luminance of each light source on the basis of the detected display luminance while taking into account an effect on the region of the other light sources not corresponding to the region, and computing a correction value for each pixel on the basis of a shift amount between the set emission luminance and an optimal display luminance for one of the regions, and delivering a display driving signal generated on the basis of the correction value to each pixel so as to control the aperture ratio.

Abstract: A plasma addressed liquid crystal display device is disclosed wherein the dimension of a gap of a liquid crystal cell is controlled uniformly over the entire area of the screen of the display device.

Abstract: A plasma addressed liquid crystal display device having a flat panel structure where a liquid crystal cell is superposed on a plasma cell. The liquid crystal cell comprises a front substrate with data electrodes arranged in columns, an intermediate substrate bonded to the front substrate via a predetermined gap, and a liquid crystal filled in the gap. The plasma cell comprises a rear substrate joined to the intermediate substrate via a predeter- mined space, and discharge channels formed in the space and arranged in rows. The intermediate substrate is dimensionally so set as to include an overlapping planar region of the front substrate and the rear substrate which are different in shape from each other. And spacer particles for prescribing the gap dimension in the liquid crystal cell are existent between the intermediate and front substrates over the planar region.

Abstract: A plasma addressed liquid crystal display device having a flat panel structure where a liquid crystal cell is superposed on a plasma cell. The liquid crystal cell includes a front substrate with data electrodes arranged in columns, an intermediate substrate bonded to the front substrate via a predetermined gap, and a liquid crystal filled in the gap. The plasma cell includes a rear substrate joined to the intermediate substrate via a predetermined space, and discharge channels formed in the space and arranged in rows. The intermediate substrate is dimensionally so set as to include an overlapping planar region of the front substrate and the rear substrate which are different in shape from each other. Further a plurality of barrier ribs for prescribing the space dimension in the plasma cell are existent between the intermediate and rear substrates over the planar region.