Abstract: An optical system through which light from a display surface is guided to a pupil surface includes, in order from a pupil surface side to a display surface side, a first optical system, a first transmissive reflective member having a first transmissive reflective surface that is a curved surface, a second optical system, a second transmissive reflective member having a second transmissive reflective surface that is a curved surface, and a third optical system. A lens closest to the display surface in the first optical system and a lens disposed closest to the pupil surface in the second optical system are cemented with each other via the first transmissive reflective member. A lens closest to the display surface in the second optical system and a lens disposed closest to the pupil surface in the third optical system are cemented with each other via the second transmissive reflective member.

Abstract: An optical system includes, in order from a pupil surface side to a display surface side, a first lens having a first transmissive reflective surface on the pupil surface side, a second lens, and a third lens having a second transmissive reflective surface on the display surface side. The second lens is cemented with the first or third lens. The light beam from the display surface transmits through the second transmissive reflective surface, transmits through the third, second, and first lenses in this order, is reflected by the first transmissive reflective surface, transmits through the first, second, and third lenses in this order, is reflected by the second transmissive reflective surface, transmits through the third, second, and first lenses in this order, transmits through the first transmissive reflective surface, and enters the pupil surface.

Abstract: An optical system is configured to guide a light beam from a display surface to a pupil surface, and includes, in order from a pupil surface side to a display surface side, a first lens having a first transmissive reflective surface on the display surface side, a second lens, and a third lens having a second transmissive reflective surface on the pupil surface side. A quarter waveplate is provided to a surface on the pupil surface side of the second lens. The second lens and the third lens are spaced apart from each other. The light beam from the display surface transmits through the third lens and the second lens in this order, is reflected by the first transmissive reflective surface toward the display surface, transmits through the second lens, and is reflected toward the pupil surface by the second transmissive reflective surface, transmits through the second lens and the first lens in this order, and enters the pupil surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive paste which leaves less fine undissolved matter when dissolved in an organic solvent and thus can be easily filtrated, which has excellent printability, and which can exhibit excellent surface smoothness after printing. Provided is a conductive paste used for forming an electrode of a multilayer ceramic capacitor, the conductive paste containing: a polyvinyl acetal resin; an organic solvent; and a conductive powder, the polyvinyl acetal resin having a wave number A (cm?1) of a peak within a range of 3,100 to 3,700 cm?1 in an IR absorption spectrum measured using an infrared spectrophotometer; and a hydroxy group content (mol %), the wavenumber A of the peak and the hydroxy group content satisfying relations of the following formulas (1) and (2): [(3,470?A)/Hydroxy group content]?5.

Abstract: In a method for producing hydrogen and carboxylic acid, a primary alcohol of 1 to 7 carbon atoms and water are reacted by being continuously introduced into a flow reactor packed with a solid catalyst consisting of an alloy of ruthenium and tin on a support and passed through the reactor under temperature and pressure conditions at which the water assumes a gaseous state. This method enables hydrogen and carboxylic acid to be produced in a high yield or at a high purity from a primary alcohol and water in a short time and by simple operations.

Abstract: In a method for producing hydrogen and carboxylic acid, a primary alcohol of 1 to 7 carbon atoms and water are reacted by being continuously introduced into a flow reactor packed with a solid catalyst consisting of an alloy of ruthenium and tin on a support and passed through the reactor under temperature and pressure conditions at which the water assumes a gaseous state. This method enables hydrogen and carboxylic acid to be produced in a high yield or at a high purity from a primary alcohol and water in a short time and by simple operations.

Abstract: A method for producing a sugar anhydride, said method comprising: (1) a step for conducting a first heat treatment by heating a polysaccharide having a reducing end at 130-350° C. in the presence of an alcohol compound having 1-10 carbon atoms and not having an acetal structure; (2) a step for conducting a second heat treatment by heating the polysaccharide having been heated in the first heat treatment and thus thermally decomposing the polysaccharide to thereby give a gaseous sugar anhydride, without forming a char or with forming a filmy char, and without generating carbon monoxide or with regulating the generation amount of carbon monoxide, if any, to not more than 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the absolute dry mass of the polysaccharide; and (3) a collection step for cooling the gaseous sugar anhydride to a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling point thereof and then collecting the same. According to this method, a sugar anhydride can be easily produced at a high yield.

Abstract: This invention provides a signal-processing method that makes it possible to acquire, relatively easily and surely, a highly reliable normalized impulse-response signal without relying on the signal-correction processing after normalization. The signal-processing method of this invention includes a low-frequency extraction step, a high-frequency extraction step and a synthesizing step. In the low-frequency extraction step, only the low-frequency component is extracted from the spectrum of the first normalized signal NS1 obtained by normalizing the target signal Stgt in the time domain. In the high-frequency extraction step, only the high-frequency component is extracted from the spectrum of the second normalized signal NS2 obtained by normalizing the target signal Stgt in the frequency domain using the reference signal Sref.

Abstract: A waste treatment system comprises: a first hydrothermal treatment device for performing hydrothermal treatment of waste; a first solid-liquid separation device for separating a first reactant of the first hydrothermal treatment device into a solid and a liquid or slurry; a second hydrothermal treatment device for performing hydrothermal treatment of the solid of the first reactant; a second solid-liquid separation device for separating a second reactant of the second hydrothermal treatment device into a solid and a liquid or slurry; and a fermentation device for fermenting the liquid or the slurry of the first reactant and the liquid or the slurry of the second reactant.

Abstract: A surface property measurement technology by which a surface property of a substance can be evaluated with high accuracy, is provided. A surface property measurement method includes radiating an ultrasonic wave to a measurement target and acquiring a reflected signal from the measurement target; calculating, by a measurement apparatus, a maximum value of a cross-correlation function between the reflected signal from the measurement target and a reference reflected signal from a reference substance acquired in advance; calculating a reflection component at an interface, by using the maximum value of the cross-correlation function; and outputting, as a measurement value, one of an acoustic impedance of the measurement target or an acoustic impedance of the reference substance, according to a result of comparing the reflection component with the reference reflected signal.

Abstract: An ultrasonic measurement method includes irradiating an object to be measured with an ultrasonic wave, acquiring a reflection wave from the object, calculating at a processor an acoustic impedance in a depth direction of the object from the reflection wave, and estimating and outputting a thickness of the object based upon an inflection point determined by second-order differentiation of the acoustic impedance.

Abstract: An ultrasonic-image-construction apparatus can construct an ultrasonic-tomographic image of a thin, layer-structured target object to be measured relatively easily and highly accurately in a manner in which such layered structure is easily understood. An ultrasonic transducer of an ultrasonic-image-constructing apparatus transmits ultrasonic waves to the target object. A reference substance makes contact with a base substrate, with such ultrasonic waves being incident on the target object via the base substrate, then receives an impulse response of an ultrasonic waveform. A computing means performs calculation to estimate acoustic-physical-property distribution in consideration of the multiple-reflections influence based on normalized-impulse information obtained from impulse-response information of such ultrasonic waveform incident on the reference substance and from impulse-response information of such ultrasonic waveform incident on the target object.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rotating bearing unit includes to cause one end surface in the axial direction of the forming punch (46), formed by combining a plurality of punch elements (46, 46) divided in the circumferential direction, which are displaceable in the axial direction and which are not displaceable in the circumferential direction, and having a processing teeth (44, 44) at one end surface in the axial direction, to face the other end surface of the caulking section (20) in the axial direction. In this state, rolls (30a) are rotated about the central axis (?) of the hub main body (8) while pressing the other end surface of the forming punch (46) in the axial direction with a pressing surface (43) of the roll (30a) having a central axis (?) that is inclined with respect to the central axis (?) of the hub main body (8).

Abstract: A steering rack (11a) meshes with a pinion rotatably driven by the input shaft (6) of a steering gear (5) constituting an automotive steering device. The steering rack (11a) is provided with a an axially extending rod part (15) of round cross section, and a plurality of rack teeth (16) formed on a radial one side surface of an axial portion of the rod part (15), the rack teeth (16) meshing with the pinion. At least one dummy tooth (42) is formed in portions that are axial parts of the rod part (15) and are adjacent to both axial sides of the plurality of rack teeth (16). The dummy tooth (42) has a tooth height less than the rack teeth (16) and does not mesh with the pinion.

Abstract: This invention provides a signal-processing method that makes it possible to acquire, relatively easily and surely, a highly reliable normalized impulse-response signal without relying on the signal-correction processing after normalization. The signal-processing method of this invention includes a low-frequency extraction step, a high-frequency extraction step and a synthesizing step. In the low-frequency extraction step, only the low-frequency component is extracted from the spectrum of the first normalized signal NS1 obtained by normalizing the target signal Stgt in the time domain. In the high-frequency extraction step, only the high-frequency component is extracted from the spectrum of the second normalized signal NS2 obtained by normalizing the target signal Stgt in the frequency domain using the reference signal Sref.

Abstract: An ultrasonic-image-construction apparatus can construct an ultrasonic-tomographic image of a thin, layer-structured target object to be measured relatively easily and highly accurately in a manner in which such layered structure is easily understood. An ultrasonic transducer of an ultrasonic-image-constructing apparatus transmits ultrasonic waves to the target object. A reference substance makes contact with a base substrate, with such ultrasonic waves being incident on the target object via the base substrate, then receives an impulse response of an ultrasonic waveform. A computing means performs calculation to estimate acoustic-physical-property distribution in consideration of the multiple-reflections influence based on normalized-impulse information obtained from impulse-response information of such ultrasonic waveform incident on the reference substance and from impulse-response information of such ultrasonic waveform incident on the target object.

Abstract: An ultrasonic measurement method includes irradiating an object to be measured with an ultrasonic wave, acquiring a reflection wave from the object, calculating at a processor an acoustic impedance in a depth direction of the object from the reflection wave, and estimating and outputting a thickness of the object based upon an inflection point determined by second-order differentiation of the acoustic impedance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rotating bearing unit includes to cause one end surface in the axial direction of the forming punch (46), formed by combining a plurality of punch elements (46, 46) divided in the circumferential direction, which are displaceable in the axial direction and which are not displaceable in the circumferential direction, and having a processing teeth (44, 44) at one end surface in the axial direction, to face the other end surface of the caulking section (20) in the axial direction. In this state, rolls (30a) are rotated about the central axis (?) of the hub main body (8) while pressing the other end surface of the forming punch (46) in the axial direction with a pressing surface (43) of the roll (30a) having a central axis (?) that is inclined with respect to the central axis (?) of the hub main body (8).

Abstract: Construction is achieved that, together with preventing the occurrence of damage to a mandrel, is able to improve precision of the shape of a ring-shaped member after processing. A mandrel includes a pair of support shaft sections that are provided so as to be separated in the axial direction and so as to be concentric with each other, and a rolling shaft section that is concentrically provided in the axial direction between the pair of support shaft sections. One of the support shaft sections is provided in a state in which displacement in the axial direction with respect to the rolling shaft section is regulated. The other support shaft section is provided in a state in which displacement in a direction going away from the rolling shaft section is possible when a pressing force is applied in that direction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rotating bearing unit includes to cause one end surface in the axial direction of the forming punch (46), formed by combining a plurality of punch elements (46, 46) divided in the circumferential direction, which are displaceable in the axial direction and which are not displaceable in the circumferential direction, and having a processing teeth (44, 44) at one end surface in the axial direction, to face the other end surface of the caulking section (20) in the axial direction. In this state, rolls (30a) are rotated about the central axis (?) of the hub main body (8) while pressing the other end surface of the forming punch (46) in the axial direction with a pressing surface (43) of the roll (30a) having a central axis (?) that is inclined with respect to the central axis (?) of the hub main body (8).