Abstract: An operation microscope includes a microscope body having an illumination optical system which illuminates a subject, a lens barrel, and a main observation optical system which observes the subject, an assistant's microscope unit attached to the microscope body, and a guide rail which is disposed in the lens barrel of the microscope body, and extends in a circumferential direction about a center of an optical axis of an objective lens of the microscope body. The assistant's microscope unit is disposed in the guide rail to be movable between a usage position and a non-usage position in a circumferential direction of the lens barrel.

Abstract: An operation microscope includes a microscope body having an illumination optical system which illuminates a subject, a lens barrel, and a main observation optical system which observes the subject, a microscope unit for an assistant attached to the microscope body, and a guide rail which is disposed in the lens barrel of the microscope body, and extends in a circumferential direction about a center of an optical axis of an objective lens of the microscope body. The microscope unit for an assistant is disposed in the guide rail to be movable between a usage position and a non-usage position in a circumferential direction of the lens barrel.

Abstract: An operation microscope apparatus includes: an operation microscope (25) supported to a pillar through an electrically-operated elevating device for rough-motion (first upward-and-downward micro motion device 17); a lens support arm (51) supported to a support portion of the operation microscope (25) so as to be movable between a use position at which the lens support arm (51) is extended downward and a storage position at which the lens support arm (51) is stored upward; a front lens (74) held by the lens supported arm (51); a control unit for controlling the electrically-operated elevating device (arithmetic and control circuit 27); a switch for upward-and-downward rough-motion (30,31 or 94,95); and a detection unit for detecting a storage state of the lens support arm (51) to output a detection signal (microswitch 91).

Abstract: An operation microscope apparatus includes: an operation microscope (25) supported to a pillar through an electrically-operated elevating device for rough-motion (first upward-and-downward micro motion device 17); a lens support arm (51) supported to a support portion of the operation microscope (25) so as to be movable between a use position at which the lens support arm (51) is extended downward and a storage position at which the lens support arm (51) is stored upward; a front lens (74) held by the lens supported arm (51); a control unit for controlling the electrically-operated elevating device (arithmetic and control circuit 27); a switch for upward-and-downward rough-motion (30,31 or 94,95); and a detection unit for detecting a storage state of the lens support arm (51) to output a detection signal (microswitch 91).

Abstract: Provided is an operation microscope apparatus including: a support base (2); a pillar (3) supported by the support base (2); a parallel link type second arm (6) whose base end portion is held to the pillar (3) so as to be rotated upward and downward; a plurality of electrically-operated upward-and-downward-motion devices (17, 24); and an operation microscope (25) supported to a tip portion of the second arm (6) through the plurality of electrically-operated upward-and-downward-motion devices (17, 24). The operation microscope apparatus further includes an arithmetic and control circuit 27 for controlling the plurality of electrically-operated upward-and-downward-motion devices (17, 24). In the operation microscope apparatus, the plurality of electrically-operated upward-and-downward-motion devices (17, 24) are connected in series.

Abstract: A binocular stereoscopic microscope in which a prism 33 is provided for causing reflected light which has passed through an imaging lens 32 to undergo a plurality of reflections, and for guiding the light to the side of the optic axis of the imaging lens. A porroprism 35 is disposed near the prism 33 such that the light beam from the prism 33 is incident upon it. In this way, the range of operating angles can be increased, the operator has to extend his hands forward over a shorter distance, and the operator can work in a more comfortable position.

Abstract: According to the invention, in an operation microscope comprising an illumination optical system for irradiating an observation object, a recording optical system for receiving the reflected light from an observation object for recording and an observation optical system for receiving the reflected light from an observation object for observation, there is disposed a light dividing penetration member wherein an optical axis of the recording optical system and at least part of an optical axis of the illumination optical system coexist.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has an objective lens facing an eye, and the first and the second observing optical systems for three-dimensionally observing the eye through the objective lens. The stereomicroscope also has the first and the second illuminating systems for illuminating the eye around the optical axes of the first and second observing optical systems.

Abstract: An optical illuminating and observing apparatus having a first drive system for changing the magnification of the apparatus and a second drive system for changing the illuminating field of the apparatus. The two drive systems can be operated either in an interlocking relationship or independently of each other. In a preferred embodiment, a clutch-gear is used to connect and disconnect the two drive systems to or from each other.

Abstract: A surgical operation microscope has an observing optical system for observing an eye through an objective lens, and an illuminating optical system for illuminating the eye. The illuminating optical system includes a display element disposed in a position generally conjugate to an observing surface of the eye and adapted to display an image of information required for a surgical operation. The image of information on the display element is projected to the observing surface by an illuminating light source of the illuminating optical system.

Abstract: A microscope capable of freely moving an objective optical system and an ocular optical system thereof. The microscope includes a TV camera with a light-receiving surface at an image forming position of the objective optical system and a display, wherein the image is taken by the TV camera and transmitted to the display, the transmitted image is displayed in the display, and the displayed image is observed by the ocular optical system of the microscope.

Abstract: A binocular microscope has an objective optical system for receiving a beam of rays from an object and emitting it as a parallel pencil of rays, a relay optical system for relaying the beam of rays coming from the objective optical system, and an ocular for receiving the beam of rays coming from the relay optical system. The binocular microscope is characterized in that the objective optical system is stored in a stationary housing portion, the relay optical system and the ocular optical system are stored in a movable housing portion disposed on the stationary housing portion, and there is provided means for moving the movable housing portion with respect to the stationary housing portion within a predetermined range in a plane perpendicular to an optical axis of the objective optical system stored in the stationary housing portion.

Abstract: An illuminating system of an ophthalmological instrument has a coaxial illuminating system for effecting a coaxial illumination by projecting an observation-use illuminating light toward an eye to be tested from a direction generally parallel with an optical axis of through an objective lens of an observing optical system, FIGS. 1A and 1B each illustrated an oblique illuminating system branched from the coaxial illuminating system and adapted to effect an oblique illumination by projecting the observation-use illuminating light toward the eye from an oblique direction different from the coaxial illumination, and an optical path switching optical member disposed in an intermediate part of an optical path of the coaxial illuminating system and adapted to switch the coaxial illumination to the oblique illumination or vice versa.

Abstract: A light source device for use in a medical apparatus has a turnable or linearly movable member or flange provided in a housing, and an actuator removably attached to the movable flange and carrying two light sources thereon. The actuator has two connector plugs provided thereon which are connected to the two light sources respectively, while the movable member is provided with two corresponding connector sockets. The two connector plugs and the corresponding two connector sockets are coupled and separated together when the actuator and the movable member are coupled and separated together. The device further comprises light conductor means for guiding light from one of the light sources to an object to be illuminated, and switch means connected between a power source and each connector socket. The device is arranged such that one of the two light sources is positioned opposite to the inlet of the light conductor means by moving the movable member coupled with the actuator.

Abstract: A slit apparatus has a rotatable base plate and a rotatable cam driving plate which are rotated about the same axis of rotation, but independently. The base plate is provided with slit blades for forming a slit therebetween. The slit blades are rotated together with the base plate and therefore the direction of the slit is changed. The cam driving plate is provided with a cam plate for changing slit width. The slit width is changed by rotation of the cam driving plate. A slit direction adjusting knob for driving the base plate is arranged to be coaxial with a slit width adjusting knob for driving the cam driving plate.

Abstract: The invention provides a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope in which light reflected from an eye under test is split and guided to left and right oculars (7, 8). Left and right mirrors (10, 11) for directing the split light to the left and right oculars being laterally movable about the optical axes (01, 02) of the oculars and toward and away from each other. The mirrors are arranged to follow the mutual approaching and receding of the oculars but the oculars will not follow the mutual approaching and receding of the mirrors, whereby the distance between these mirrors can be adjusted separately from the distance between the optical axes of the oculars.Such arrangement allows the operator to shift the light beams for observation (OFL, OFR) to appropriate positions where they are not interrupted by the iris, and thus allows sufficient and widely ranging stereoscopic observation, irrespective of the size of the pupil diameter of the eye under test or OF the direction of observation.

Abstract: A gaze-fixing device for a surgical microscope which is capable of providing a marking without an error at the time of a radial keratotomy operation. The device comprises a gaze-fixing target which can be disposed on the observation optical axis of a microscope, and light quantity-reducing means for reducing the quantity of illumination light applied from an illumination light source for illuminating an eye to be operated on.

Abstract: An operation microscope in which the optical axis of the illumination optical system is in alignment with the optical axis of the objective lens of the observation optical system and the illumination rays pass along the optical axis of the objective lens. Due to this construction, it is possible to sufficiently illuminate the deep parts of diseased tissue in, for example, a cataract operation, and very easy to confirm whether or not any part of the lens remains in the capsula lentis after the removal of the lens of the eye.

Abstract: A stereo-microscope is disclosed. It comprises a common objective lens system, a first and second imaging lens systems having optical paths parallel to that of the objective lens system producing intermediate images of an object, a first and second optical path deflecting devices arranged behind the respective imaging lens systems for deflecting the respective ejection bundle of rays outwardly relative to the optical path of the objective lens system, and a first and second ocular systems arranged behind the respective optical path deflecting device for observing the respective intermediate images. It is characterized in that a stereo angle .omega. which is to be decided depending on the base length between the first and second imaging lens systems and an observation angle .theta. which is defined between the observation optical paths of the first and second ocular systems are arranged to be equal. Another stereo-microscope is also disclosed.

Abstract: Method for determining a refractive index of an object in which the object is illuminated with a slit pattern of illumination light to form an optical section of the section of the object and the optical section is observed in two directions to determine apparent thickness of the optical section in these directions. Operations are carried out to obtain the refractive index of the object from the apparent thickness of the optical section.