Abstract: An optical device that has an antireflection function, the optical device including: a base; and a plurality of structural bodies, which are formed by convex portions or concave portions, arranged on a surface of the base with a fine pitch that is equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light, wherein the plurality of structural bodies are arranged so as to form tracks of a plurality of rows on the surface of the base and form a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern, a tetragonal lattice pattern, or a quasi-tetragonal lattice pattern, and wherein a packing ratio of the structural bodies to the surface of the base is equal to or higher than 65%.

Abstract: An optical element includes, on a surface thereof, a plurality of structural bodies which extend in a first direction, where the plurality of structural bodies are aligned at a pitch of a sub-wavelength in a second direction which intersects with the first direction, and the widths of the structural bodies are changed periodically.

Abstract: An optical unit having an antireflection function includes a wave surface having a wavelength equal to or shorter than a wavelength of visible light. The wave surface has a curved plane which curves in a recessed shape between an apex portion and a bottom portion of the wave surface. An inflection point of an area of a cross section obtained by cutting through the wave surface in a plane perpendicular to a direction of vibration of the wave surface is positioned toward the bottom portion of the wave surface from a center of the vibration.

Abstract: A transfer mold includes a body, a first layer, and a second layer. The body has a projecting-and-recessed surface. The first layer contains an inorganic material and is disposed on the projecting-and-recessed surface of the body. The second layer contains fluorine and is disposed on a surface of the first layer. The average of hardness values of the projecting-and-recessed surface on which the first and second layers are disposed is 30 Hv or higher.

Abstract: An optical device is provided including plural structures formed of a convex portion or a concave portion are arranged on the surface of a base member with a fine pitch equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light. The structures are arranged on the surface of the base member to form plural lines of tracks and form a hexagonal lattice pattern or a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern. Each structure has an elliptical cone shape or a truncated elliptical cone shape of which the long-axis direction is parallel to the track extending direction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image display apparatus, including: a light source; and a scanning section adapted to scan a light beam emitted from the light source; the scanning section including (a) a first mirror, (b) a first light deflection section, (c) a second mirror, and (d) a second light deflection section; the second light deflection section including an external light receiving face; the second light deflection section having a plurality of translucent films provided in the inside thereof; the translucent films having a light reflectivity R2 at a wavelength of the light beam which satisfies: R2?k×{(P2/t2)×tan(?2)}1/2 where k is a constant higher 0 but lower than 1, P2 an array pitch of the translucent films, t2 a thickness of the second light deflection section, and ?2 an angle formed between the light emitting face and the translucent films.

Abstract: A conduction element includes a substrate which has a first wave surface and a second wave surface, and a laminate film which is formed on the first wave surface and where two or more layers are laminated, where the laminate film forms a conduction pattern, and the first wave surface and the second wave surface satisfy a relationship below. 0?(Am1/?m1)<(Am2/?m2)?1.8 (Here, Am1: average width of vibration in the first wave surface, Am2: average width of vibration in the second wave surface, ?m1: average wavelength of the first wave surface, ?m2: average wavelength of the second wave surface).

Abstract: An optical device, a method of manufacturing the optical device, a replica substrate for manufacturing the optical device, and a method of producing the replica substrate are disclosed. The optical device includes a base, and a plurality of structures arranged at a fine pitch equal to or shorter than a wavelength of visible light on a surface of the base. Each of the structures is composed of protuberance. The structures have a depth distribution.

Abstract: An optical device that has an antireflection function, the optical device including: a base; and a plurality of structural bodies, which are formed by convex portions or concave portions, arranged on a surface of the base with a fine pitch that is equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light, wherein the plurality of structural bodies are arranged so as to form tracks of a plurality of rows on the surface of the base and form a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern, a tetragonal lattice pattern, or a quasi-tetragonal lattice pattern, and wherein a packing ratio of the structural bodies to the surface of the base is equal to or higher than 65%.

Abstract: An optical device that has an antireflection function includes: a base; and a plurality of structural bodies, which are formed by convex portions or concave portions, arranged on a surface of the base with a fine pitch that is equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light. The plurality of structural bodies are arranged so as to form tracks of a plurality of rows on the surface of the base and form a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern, a tetragonal lattice pattern, or a quasi-tetragonal lattice pattern, and a packing ratio of the structural bodies to the surface of the base is equal to or higher than 65%.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium has: a substrate; one, two or more information signal layers which is formed on the substrate; and a protective layer which is formed on the one, two or more information signal layers. The surface of the protective layer is a reading surface on which light for recording or playing back an information signal in the information signal layer is radiated, and, in the reading surface, a plurality of subwavelength structures is formed.

Abstract: An optical element includes a base and a large number of structures arranged on the surface of the base, the structures being projections or depressions. The structures are arranged at a pitch shorter than or equal to a wavelength of light in a use environment. An effective refractive index in the depth direction of the structures gradually increases toward the base and has two or more inflection points.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image display apparatus, including: a light source; and a scanning section adapted to scan a light beam emitted from the light source; the scanning section including (a) a first mirror, (b) a first light deflection section, (c) a second mirror, and (d) a second light deflection section; the second light deflection section including an external light receiving face; the second light deflection section having a plurality of translucent films provided in the inside thereof; the translucent films having a light reflectivity R2 at a wavelength of the light beam which satisfies: R2?k×{(P2/t2)×tan(?2)}1/2 where k is a constant higher 0 but lower than 1, P2 an array pitch of the translucent films, t2 a thickness of the second light deflection section, and ?2 an angle formed between the light emitting face and the translucent films.

Abstract: A transparent conductive element includes an optical layer provided with a wave surface that has an average wavelength smaller than or equal to a wavelength of visible light and a transparent conductive layer formed on the wave surface so as to follow the shape of the wave surface. When the average wavelength of the wave surface is ?m and an average amplitude of vibration of the wave surface is Am, the ratio (Am/?m) is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less; an average angle of sloped surfaces of the wave surface is in the range of 30° or more and 60° or less; and when a thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a highest position of the wave surface is D1 and a thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a lowest position of the wave surface is D3, a ratio D3/D1 is in the range of 0.8 or less.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image display apparatus, including: a light source; and a scanning section adapted to scan a light beam emitted from the light source; the scanning section including (a) a first mirror, (b) a first light deflection section, (c) a second mirror, and (d) a second light deflection section; the second light deflection section including an external light receiving face; the second light deflection section having a plurality of translucent films provided in the inside thereof; the translucent films having a light reflectivity R2 at a wavelength of the light beam which satisfies: R2?k ×{(P2/t2)×tan(?2)}1/2 where k is a constant higher 0 but lower than 1, P2 an array pitch of the translucent films, t2 a thickness of the second light deflection section, and ?2 an angle formed between the light emitting face and the translucent films.

Abstract: A pattern substrate includes a substrate having a surface on which a first area and a second area are formed, and a pattern layer formed at the first area among the first area and the second area. The pattern layer is a wiring pattern layer or a transparent electrode, the first area has a convex/concave shape where a capillary phenomenon occurs, and the convex/concave shape includes an aggregate of a plurality of structures.

Abstract: An optical element having an anti-reflection function includes a base having a first main surface and a second main surface; a plurality of structures composed of projections or recesses and arranged on the first main surface at a fine pitch equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light for which the amount of reflection is to be reduced; and a light-absorbing layer that absorbs the light and that is disposed on the second main surface, wherein the structures are arranged so as to form a plurality of rows of tracks on the first main surface and form a hexagonal lattice pattern, a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern, a tetragonal lattice pattern, or a quasi-tetragonal lattice pattern, and the structures each have an elliptical cone shape or a truncated elliptical cone shape, the major axis direction of which is a direction in which the tracks extend.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image display device including a light source and a scanner. The scanner includes (a) a first mirror on which a light beam emitted from the light source is incident, (b) a first light deflector on which the light beam output from the first mirror is incident and that outputs collimated light forming a first output angle depending on a first incident angle of the light beam in association with the pivoting of the first mirror, (c) a second mirror on which the collimated light output from the first light deflector is incident, and (d) a second light deflector on which the collimated light output from the second mirror is incident and that outputs collimated light forming a second output angle depending on a second incident angle of the collimated light in association with the pivoting of the second mirror.

Abstract: A transparent conductive element includes: an optical layer on which a wave surface with an average wavelength equal to or less than a wavelength of visible light is provided; and a transparent conductive layer that is formed on the wave surface so as to follow the corresponding wave surface. Assuming that the average wavelength of the wave surface is ?m and the average width of oscillation of the wave surface is Am, a ratio of (Am/?m) is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less. The average wavelength ?m of the wave surface is 140 nm or more and 300 nm or less. The film thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a position, at which the height of the wave surface is maximized, is 100 nm or less. The area of a planar portion of the wave surface is 50% or less.

Abstract: In an optical device, a number of structures having higher portions or lower portions are arranged at a fine pitch equal to or shorter than a wavelength of visible light on a surface of a base. Each of the structures is arranged to form a plurality of arc track rows on the surface of the base, and to form a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern, and the structure has an elliptical cone or truncated elliptical cone shape having a major axis in a circumferential direction of the arc tracks.