Abstract: A photographic camera in which a film cartridge, housing a photographing film having a recording belt capable of recording sound signal, can be loaded, wherein for the purpose of effecting the recording of sound signal simultaneously with photographing a sound signal recording head and a constant speed film running mechanism are provided at the sound signal recording part being separated from an intermittent film transport mechanism for running the above mentioned film with a constant speed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for detecting visibility of the image of an object for adjusting the focus of an optical system. The invention is especially suitable to an optical instrument such as camera, using photo-electric conversion elements having non-linear resistance -- intensity of illumination characteristics such as cadmium sulfide CdS or cadmium selenide CdSe, etc. The invention is characterized in that the photo-electric effect of the above mentioned photo-electric conversion elements will have mutually reverse characteristics depending on the properties inherent to the photo-electric conversion elements, to the arrangement of the electrode and the electric circuit, and further on the state of the image of an object formed on said photo-electric conversion elements. An electric circuit to enhance object image visibility is disclosed which makes use of these characteristics.

Abstract: A level detection system and a servo system employing the level detection system are disclosed. The level detection and servo system employs the use of a reasonably broad band-pass characteristic to avoid criticality in narrow band-pass systems. The level detection system includes an input level comparison circuit responsive to an input signal having a recurrent frequency and a reference signal. A filter having a band-pass characteristic which will pass the recurrent frequency of the input signal and its side-bands is responsive to the input level comparison circuit. The output of the filter is coupled to a second comparison circuit. The second comparison circuit is employed as a control means to drive the servo motor in the servo system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a camera allowing simultaneous sound recording into which a film magazine housing a photographing film which can record sound information thus allowing simultaneous sound recording and an ordinary photographing film magazine can be selectively loaded. Also provided is a detection device to distinguish the kind of film magazines mentioned above and a linking mechanism which shifts the camera into a sound recording state in correspondence with the closing action of the magazine chamber cover of a camera only when the above mentioned detection device detects the film magazine which allows simultaneous sound recording.

Abstract: In the system disclosed, a cylindrical lens or mirror compresses the image of an object illuminated by a beam, and a movable mirror coupled to the lens barrel of a lens system reflects the compressed image onto the dividing line between two photosensors. The unbalance between the outputs of the photosensors indicates the defocus of the lens system. A servo responds to the unbalance to refocus the system by moving the lens barrel and the mirror until the photosensor outputs are balanced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photo-electric conversion element suitable for use in a system for detecting object image visibility and a method for detecting object image visibility employing the same and also relates to a device therefor. The photo-electric conversion element is characterized by having a first electrode at both ends of the direction along with a short side of a photo-semiconductor which has an extremely shorter short side as compared to its long side, and having a second electrode discretely formed at both ends of the direction along with its long side. Further an element with electrical characteristics being non-linear is connected to or formed at each of the above mentioned electrodes.

Abstract: A film handling system to with which a film cartridge is commonly usable in each step of exposure, processing (developing) and projection of the film housed therein, wherein a safety means which advances the above mentioned film cartridge through each step in which it is used in a prescribed sequence is provided. Further an electric circuit which controls the above mentioned handling system in such manner as to activate said system according to the output of the safety means is provided so that such erroneous handling as occurs when processing or projecting unexposed film by mistake or by projecting unprocessed film can be automatically prevented.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a motion picture camera which includes an openable cover for loading a film magazine containing a film capable of recording sound information. A sound recording device for recording the sound information on the film and a movable device for moving either the sound recording device or the film to a position at which the sound can be recorded is also included. An operation device for operating the opening and the closing of the openable cover can be displaced to three positions, i.e. the first, the second and the third position. The operation is carried out stepwise so that, at the first position, the movable device operates while the openable cover is locked; at the second position, the movable device does not operate while the openable cover is locked; and at the third position, the movable device does not operate while the openable cover is freed. At least one of the three position being non-linear with respect to the other two.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a camera capable of simultaneous film and sound recording and into which film magazine housing a film with a sound recording belt can be loaded. The camera has a sound recording device for recording sound on said sound recording belt of the film while photographing is made and also a driving device to continuously run the above mentioned film against said sound recording device. The camera can be shifted to the simultaneous sound recording state in response to the shutter release operation of the camera being in the preparation completion state for photographing with simultaneous sound recording.

Abstract: An image sharpness detecting system employing two photoconductive cells of different geometry which permits detection of an optimum degree of sharpness of an image formed thereon regardless of variation in the direction of light distribution of the image relative to the electrodes of the cells. Differences between light response characteristics of these two cells due to the different geometry thereof are compensated for by providing optical means such as filter arranged between the cells, whereby the system is made accurately and reliably responsive to variation of light distribution even at low total light levels.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for automatic focus adjustment of an optical system particularly adapted for use in a photographic camera which utilizes non-linear resistance versus illumination response characteristics which are prominent in photoconductive cells such as cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide cells. In one embodiment, a pair of photoconductive cells, one of which has a photoconductive surface having elongated side portions which contact the electrodes along the length of the elongated side portions and another cell which has an elongated photoconductive surface and shortened end portions and which contact the electrodes only at the shortened end portions, are arranged so that portions of an image-forming light beam entering through an objective of the camera are directed to the photoconductive surfaces on which similar real images of an object are formed.

Abstract: An automatic focusing system which includes a cylindrical image forming lens disposed in opposed relationship with a photocell. The cell and the cylindrical lens are ring-shaped so that the representation characteristic of the cylindrical lens for an object and the light reception characteristic of the photocell cooperate together to detect any pattern of object in accordance with an extreme output value of the photocell.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprising an afocal front lens assembly and an image forming rear lens assembly is provided with stabilized optical means arranged in the optical path between said front and rear lens assemblies. When zooming, the stabilized optical means is controlled in accordance with the variation of angular magnification of the front lens assembly and with the deviation of the housing incorporating the zoom lens system from an original line of sight. The image is thus stabilized at the focal plane thereof against such deviation by varying the deflecting angle of the exiting light axis from the stabilized optical means with respect to the entering light axis. In one embodiment of the present invention, the rear lens assembly includes one or more members movable for zooming in such a manner that the zooming operation of the front lens assembly is consecutively followed by the zooming operation of the rear lens assembly, or vice versa.

Abstract: A system for detecting the distinction of the object image characterized in that respectively on a photoelectric transducing element presenting electrodes on both extremities along the longer sides of a photoelectric semiconductor presenting considerably short sides as compared with the long sides and on a photoelectric transducing element presenting electrodes on both extremities along the shorter sides of a photoelectric semiconductor presenting considerably short sides as compared with the long sides an object image is formed by means of an optics and that the distinction of the above mentioned object image is detected by detecting the electric characteristics variable corresponding to the distinction of the above mentioned object image, of each of the above mentioned photoelectric transducing elements.

Abstract: A system for processing a strip of motion picture film with a multi-purpose film handling cartridge adapted for use in film-exposing, processing and projection operations. Responsive to varying rates of travel of the film strip across a processing station provided in the cartridge as it is being transported between the paired spools to which respective ends of the film strip are attached, a variable-speed driving mechanism mounted externally of the cartridge controls the speed of the spool to establish a constant rate of travel of the film strip across the processing station at any particular instance even though the winding diameters of the film strip on the spools are ever being varied, so that a uniform application of a coating of processing fluid is effected along the length of the exposed film strip without the necessity of providing any particular constant speed device within the cartridge.