Abstract: All interface position determining apparatus includes a transmitter that transmits au acoustic wave from a plurality of positions in an accumulating direction in which impurities contained in a liquid accumulate, from an outside of a wall surrounding the liquid; a receiver that receives the acoustic wave transmitted from the transmitter at a plurality of positions; and a determining unit that determines a position of an interface between a liquid layer and a sludge layer in the accumulating direction based on a condition of the acoustic wave received by the receiver.

Abstract: Suppression or enhancement of various properties of a liquid fluid is aimed by improving uniform dispersion of nanoparticles by means of making a state in which no oxidized film exists on the surfaces of the nanoparticles to be dispersed in the liquid fluid. The location of the liquid fluid is confirmed with ease by enhancing the brightness of light emission of the fluid through uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the liquid fluid containing a material having a flame reaction. In this way, as to liquid fluids utilized in various industries, it is possible to offer a technology to desirably enhance or suppress a property desired to be enhanced and a property desired to be suppressed among various properties that its constituents have.

Abstract: A light-emitting material is provided allowing a light-emitting body having an excellent low-excitation characteristic and high brightness to be obtained by using a light-emitting material containing a light-emitting base material that emits light through radiative transition of electrons in material atoms, the light-emitting base having nanoparticles added thereto and dispersed therein, the light-emitting material also allowing a reduction in excitation energy and an increase in brightness to be simultaneously achieve, thereby allowing, for a wide range of light-emitting bodies, a reduction in excitation energy and a significant improvement in brightness to be achieved in a simple structure. Also provided is a light-emitting body having the light-emitting material and a light-emitting method.

Abstract: Suppression or enhancement of various properties of a liquid fluid is aimed by improving uniform dispersion of nanoparticles by means of making a state in which no oxidized film exists on the surfaces of the nanoparticles to be dispersed in the liquid fluid. The location of the liquid fluid is confirmed with ease by enhancing the brightness of light emission of the fluid through uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the liquid fluid containing a material having a flame reaction. In this way, as to liquid fluids utilized in various industries, it is possible to offer a technology to desirably enhance or suppress a property desired to be enhanced and a property desired to be suppressed among various properties that its constituents have.

Abstract: Suppression or enhancement of various properties of a liquid fluid is aimed by improving uniform dispersion of nanoparticles by means of making a state in which no oxidized film exists on the surfaces of the nanoparticles to be dispersed in the liquid fluid. The location of the liquid fluid is confirmed with ease by enhancing the brightness of light emission of the fluid through uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the liquid fluid containing a material having a flame reaction. In this way, as to liquid fluids utilized in various industries, it is possible to offer a technology to desirably enhance or suppress a property desired to be enhanced and a property desired to be suppressed among various properties that its constituents have.

Abstract: Suppression or enhancement of various properties of a liquid fluid is aimed by improving uniform dispersion of nanoparticles by means of making a state in which no oxidized film exists on the surfaces of the nanoparticles to be dispersed in the liquid fluid. The location of the liquid fluid is confirmed with ease by enhancing the brightness of light emission of the fluid through uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the liquid fluid containing a material having a flame reaction. In this way, as to liquid fluids utilized in various industries, it is possible to offer a technology to desirably enhance or suppress a property desired to be enhanced and a property desired to be suppressed among various properties that its constituents have.

Abstract: A light-emitting material is provided allowing a light-emitting body having an excellent low-excitation characteristic and high brightness to be obtained by using a light-emitting material containing a light-emitting base material that emits light through radiative transition of electrons in material atoms, the light-emitting base having nanoparticles added thereto and dispersed therein, the light-emitting material also allowing a reduction in excitation energy and an increase in brightness to be simultaneously achieve, thereby allowing, for a wide range of light-emitting bodies, a reduction in excitation energy and a significant improvement in brightness to be achieved in a simple structure. Also provided is a light-emitting body having the light-emitting material and a light-emitting method.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a sodium refining apparatus which has a simple constitution and does not deteriorate a solid electrolyte employed therein. The sodium refining apparatus of the invention, in which impurities contained in sodium are removed by a solid electrolyte having sodium ion conductivity, includes a bottom-closed casing made of a solid electrolyte and containing a small amount of highly pure sodium; an outer casing accommodating said bottom-closed casing and containing, outside said bottom-closed casing, impurity-containing sodium; a first electrode inserted in the impurity-containing sodium; a second electrode inserted in the highly pure sodium; and a power source for applying DC voltage to the electrodes; wherein the impurity-containing sodium and the highly pure sodium are in electrical contact with each other via the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a sodium refining apparatus which has a simple constitution and does not deteriorate a solid electrolyte employed therein. The sodium refining apparatus of the invention, in which impurities contained in sodium are removed by a solid electrolyte having sodium ion conductivity, includes a bottom-closed casing made of a solid electrolyte and containing a small amount of highly pure sodium; an outer casing accommodating said bottom-closed casing and containing, outside said bottom-closed casing, impurity-containing sodium; a first electrode inserted in the impurity-containing sodium; a second electrode inserted in the highly pure sodium; and a power source for applying DC voltage to the electrodes; wherein the impurity-containing sodium and the highly pure sodium are in electrical contact with each other via the solid electrolyte.