Abstract: Novel compounds which increase a response speed of a liquid crystal composition by mixing with a liquid composition are represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, X represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a halogen atom, and Y represents an unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed is a liquid crystal mixture, a liquid crystal device and a display device using the liquid crystal mixture. The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention has improved contrast due to the specific temperature of the liquid crystal mixture. More specifically, the liquid crystal mixture has a temperature range generating a chiral smectic C phase and a temperature range generating a smectic A phase, and having a difference between the cone angle at (T.sub.C/A -10).degree. C. and the cone angle at (T.sub.C/A -40).degree. C. in the temperature range generating the chiral smectic C phase of from zero (0) degree to ten (10) degrees.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: a pair of substrates; a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer provided between the pair of substrates; and an electrode for applying a voltage to the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer, wherein the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer has bent smectic layers, and an effective bend angle .theta.L of the bent smectic layers satisfies the relationship: .theta.Leff>.theta.L>0.degree. in a temperature range in which the ferroelectric liquid crystal display device is stored, where an effective bend angle of the smectic layers in a first state is .theta.Leff, the first state being obtained by cooling the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer from a temperature higher than a phase transition temperature of a chiral smectic C phase--a smectic A phase to a temperature not higher than a phase transition temperature of the chiral smectic C phase--the smectic A phase.

Abstract: The invention provides toner for a two-component type developer containing toner particles including a binder resin and magnetic powder dispersed in the binder resin. The binder resin in the toner is prepared from a composition including at least one of (1) a polymer having an anionic group and a wax grafted portion and (2) a mixture of a polymer having an anionic group and a polymer having a wax grafted portion. The magnetic powder is contained in the toner particles at a proportion ranging between 0.1 and 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display device provided with a liquid crystal alignment layer which is excellent in adhesion to a glass substrate and which has less dependency of display characteristics upon a viewing angle.A liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates each comprising a transparent electrode having provided thereon an alignment layer wherein the alignment layers are arranged inside so as to face each other, characterized in that a mixture of a polyamide (A) containing siloxane component as a constituting unit and a polymer (B) having a property of aligning the liquid crystal in such a manner that the direction of a long axis of the liquid crystal molecule projected on the surface of the substrate is different from a rubbing direction is used as an alignment layer material of at least one of the facing surfaces on the pair of substrates.

Abstract: A colored, photosensitive resin composition of a pigment dispersing-type is disclosed.The colored, photosensitive resin composition is characterized by containing (a) a polymer having alcohlic or phenolic hydroxyl groups, (b) a compound capable of producing a nitrene when irradiated with an actinic radiation, (c) a pigment, and (d) a solvent. Preferably, the composition further contains (e) a heat crosslinking agent and/or (f) a compound having a polymerizable double bond in addition to the above ingredients.According to the present invention, the production of a color filter need not be performed in an inert gas atmosphere, does not require an oxygen barrier film and does not require heating during the period of from the exposure step to the development step. Thus, the use of the composition permits the color filter production steps to be made significantly simple so that the composition provides a great value in industrial utilization.

Abstract: The invention provides toner for a two-component type developer containing toner particles including a binder resin and magnetic powder dispersed in the binder resin. The binder resin in the toner is made of a composition including a low molecular weight polymer and a high molecular weight polymer both having an anionic group. The magnetic powder is contained in the toner particles in the range of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

Abstract: A toner in which a small amount of magnetic powder is disposed in a resin medium for fixing which comprises a cationic polar group-containing copolymer resin or a resin composition. A distinguished feature resides in that the toner does not contain a charge control agent. The toner is positively charged and exhibits very good spent resistance. The toner further exhibits favorable electrophotographic properties such as transfer efficiency despite there is contained no charge control agent.

Abstract: A negatively charged toner for a two-component-type magnetic developing agent, wherein a resin medium for fixing is a copolymer resin or a resin composition having anionic polar groups and contains a magnetic powder in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin medium, but contains no charge control agent. The toner without containing the charge control agent exhibits very excellent spent resistance.