Abstract: An alkaline battery separator comprising a fiber sheet containing, on outer surfaces of fibers forming a surface of the fiber sheet, a substance having a peak of a bond energy at 530.5 to 531.5 eV which is measured by an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer at a photoelectron-taking-off angle of about 30°; a fiber sheet containing a larger amount of carboxyl groups bonded to surfaces of fibers forming an inside of the fiber sheet than an amount of carboxyl groups bonded to outer surfaces of fibers forming a surface of the fiber sheet; or a fiber sheet capable of entrapping ammonia in an amount of 0.4 mmol/g or more in average is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a phosphor pattern which comprises a substrate having unevenness and a phosphor layer formed on the inner surface of a concave portion of the substrate, wherein the phosphor pattern thickness ratio (x)/(y) satisfies a range of 0.1 to 1.5, where when the length from the bottom of the concave portion to the top of a convex portion is L (&mgr;m), (x) is a thickness of the phosphor pattern formed on an uneven wall surface at a position of 0.9×L from the bottom of the concave portion toward the top of the convex portion, and (y) is a thickness of the phosphor pattern formed on the uneven wall surface at a position of 0.4×L from the bottom of the concave portion toward the top of the convex portion, and processes for preparing the same.

Abstract: A reciprocating compressor is provided with a plurality of gas compression means having a cylinder and a piston, the piston of each gas compression means is cooperated with the compressor by converting a rotating motion of a crankshaft provided on an electric drive source to a reciprocating motion by a scotch yoke mechanism, wherein an increase of the volume of discharged gas can be achieved without designing a gas compression means to be wide or without increasing the number thereof, a pulsation of discharged gas can be decreased by an attachment of an expansion muffler on the cylinder head so as to decrease a vibration and noise of the compressor, an attachment of the fly wheel to the crankshaft and an adjustment of the shaft with the crankshaft can be improved easily, further compressed gas flows are joined and discharged in concentration, thereby the pulsation of discharged gas can be restrained.

Abstract: Disclosed are a phosphor pattern which comprises a substrate having unevenness and a phosphor layer formed on the inner surface of a concave portion of the substrate, wherein the phosphor pattern thickness ratio (x)/(y) satisfies a range of 0.1 to 1.5, where when the length from the bottom of the concave portion to the top of a convex portion is L (&mgr;m), (x) is a thickness of the phosphor pattern formed on an uneven wall surface at a position of 0.9×L from the bottom of the concave portion toward the top of the convex portion, and (y) is a thickness of the phosphor pattern formed on the uneven wall surface at a position of 0.4×L from the bottom of the concave portion toward the top of the convex portion, and processes for preparing the same.

Abstract: A highly reliable scroll compressor adapted to make the amount of a refrigerant taken in through a first suction inlet of a scroll compression element as equal as possible to that taken in through a second suction inlet of the scroll compression element so as to improve the intake efficiency, thereby suppressing pulsation and noise. If the sectional area of the inlet of a refrigerant passage through which a refrigerant taken in flows from an end of a swivel lap via the outer periphery thereof to the second suction inlet is denoted as A1, the sectional area of the inlet of the first suction inlet is denoted as A2, and the sectional area of the inlet of a communication groove is denoted as A3 when the gap between a stationary lap and the swivel lap of the scroll compression element reaches its maximum, then A1, A2, and A3 stay within a range defined by 1.5≦A2/(A1+A3)≦2.5.

Abstract: In a method of examining the shape of the light source of an exposure tool, the shape of the pupil of its projection optical system, and the alignment of the shape of the light source with the shape of the pupil, the exposure tool comprising a light source, an illumination optical system for directing the light emitted from the light source to a reticle, and a projection optical system for transferring the reduced image on the reticle onto a wafer, the light emitted from the light source is projected on a reticle including a grating pattern where a transmitting area and a shading area are repeated in a finite number, the diffracted light of the first order or higher passed through the reticle is caused to illuminate the outer edge of the pupil of the projection optical system, and the pattern image on the reticle is projected on the wafer in the defocus state.

Abstract: The controller 70 of the brine supply device 10 performs the PID calculation of the manipulated variable MV of the valve 14, calculates the compensated manipulated variable MV′ by compensating the manipulated value MV, and controls the operation of the valve 14 based on the compensated manipulated variable MV′. The variation &Dgr;MV of the manipulated variable MV becomes proportional to the variation &Dgr;PV of the brine supply temperature Pt1 as the operation of the valve 14 is controlled with the compensated manipulated variable MV′. This makes it possible to control temperature with a high accuracy using only one set of PID constants.

Abstract: Light emitted from an illumination optical system is guided to a photomask where a pattern is formed of an optical member including a light transmission pattern as a diffraction grating pattern, in which a light transmission part and a opaque part are repeated in a finite period and a periphery of the light transmission pattern is shielded by a opaque area, such that a plurality of ratios are given between the light transmission part and the opaque part. Diffraction light, which has passed through the photomask, is irradiated on a projection optical system, thereby to transfer a pattern reflecting an intensity distribution of the diffraction light to a wafer. A change of transmittance depending on a light path of the projection optical system is measured, based on a pattern image of the diffraction light transferred to the wafer. Pattern transfer is carried out in a non-conjugate state.

Abstract: A porous article wherein a sulfur containing atomic group is introduced onto at least a part of outer-inner surfaces of the article, a ratio (S/C) of the number of sulfur atoms (S) to the number of carbon atoms (C) on the surface onto which the sulfur containing atomic group is introduced is 7×10−4 or more, a ratio (O/C) of the number of oxygen atoms (O) to the number of carbon atoms (C) on the surface onto which the sulfur containing atomic group is introduced is 0.2 or more, and the ratio (S/C) and the ratio (O/C) are determined by means of an X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometer is disclosed.

Abstract: An input image is digitized. The corresponding digital video data are reproduced while they are successively recorded on a magnetic video device. A successive recording control unit manages at which position of a successive recording area the digital data are to be successively recorded to realize the endless recording in a limitative recording area. When an event occurs, the control unit manages to exclude the recorded image before and after the corresponding event image from the endless recording area so that the event image can be held as an event recording image. Since the monitored image can be reproduced while it is recorded, it can be reproduced timely retroactively, and the image before and after an event occurs can also be reproduced instantaneously. Further, since the recording is continued while the image is reproduced, event images corresponding to plural events can be left.

Abstract: An efficient process for partial electroless plating that causes plating film to deposit only a specific part of substrate which needs plating, without requiring the corrosion step. The process includes five steps of forming a coating film on which electroless plating is performed, activating said coating film, imparting a catalyst to said coating film, activating said catalyst, and performing electroless plating, and said coating film is formed from any one of the following four resin compositions:1. composed of a low-molecular weight compound having an N--H bond, an adhesive polymer having a C.dbd.C double bond, and a polybasic acid having a C.dbd.C double bond;2. composed of an adhesive polymer dense with N--H bonds, and a polybasic acid compatible with said polymer or a monobasic acid having a C.dbd.C double bond;3. composed of a resin component which gives rise to an N--H bond upon curing reaction, and a polybasic acid having a C.dbd.C double bond; or4.

Abstract: An orbiting scroll 2 is made of an alloy having a composition of 8-10% by weight of silicon, 2-5% by weight of copper, 0.5-0.8% by weight of magnesium, and remaining percentage of aluminum. The key slots 9 of the orbiting scroll 2 are coated with a layer of hard alumite impregnated by molybdenum disulfide to thereby provide the orbiting scroll 2 with sufficient mechanical strength to stand severe operating conditions and to drastically decrease the frictional abrasion of the key slots.

Abstract: A method of measuring the aberrations of a projection lens is disclosed. In this method, a photo-mask is irradiated with an illumination beam through an illumination optics, an inspection mark which comprises a periodic pattern on the photo-mask is imaged on a substrate through a projection optics, and a measurement mark which comprises a periodic pattern corresponding to the periodic pattern of the inspection mark is provided on the substrate. A period P of the periodic pattern of the measurement mark satisfies the following condition:.lambda./{NA(1-.sigma.)}.ltoreq.P.ltoreq.3.lambda./{NA(1+.sigma.)}The measurement mark is measured, and the aberrations of the projection lens are estimated on the basis of the measurement result.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide a thermoelectric apparatus, which is excellent in performance and has sufficiently high thermoelectric conversion ability.Supply means 6,7 for supplying a liquid heat transfer medium 21 against a side of a substrate with N-type semiconductor layers and P-type semiconductor layers supported thereon, said side being opposite to a semiconductor-layer-supporting side of the substrate, is arranged so that the liquid heat transfer medium 21 strikes against the opposite side of the substrate.

Abstract: A thermoelectric apparatus is composed of a heat-absorbing-side heat-exchanging base and a heat-dissipating-side heat-exchanging base having good thermal conductivity and arranged in a mutually opposing relationship with a group of thermoelectric elements interposed therebetween. The thermoelectric apparatus comprises a frame made of a synthetic resin material and holding one of the heat-absorbing-side heat-exchanging base and the heat-dissipating-side heat-exchanging base at an outer peripheral portion thereof. The frame and the other heat-exchanging base, which is not held by the frame, are both provided with extended portions extending substantially along and substantially in the same direction as a stacked direction of the heat-absorbing-side heat-exchanging base, the group of thermoelectric elements and the heat-dissipating-side heat-exchanging base. The extended portions are joined together.

Abstract: A modified porous non-conductor is provided wherein its outer and inner, surfaces have been treated by placing the porous non-conductor between a pair of electrodes which are located opposite to each other and carry a dielectric layer on a surface facing the other electrode, respectively, so that the porous non-conductor is brought into contact with both dielectric layers without coming into contact with the electrodes; and then, applying an alternating current voltage having a frequency of about 0.1 Khz to about 100 Khz between the electrodes to thereby induce an electric discharge in voids contained in the porous non-conductor and sandwiched between a pair of the electrodes.

Abstract: A compression chamber of a scroll compression element driven by a crank shaft of an electromotive element and stored in an upper portion of a closed container is formed by engaging spiral wraps formed on the mirror plates of a fixed scroll member and an orbiting scroll member with each other, a bush portion having an engagement hole to be engaged with an upper end portion of the crank shaft is formed in a central axis portion of the under surface of the mirror plate of the orbiting scroll member, a space formed between the engagement hole of the bush portion and the upper end portion of the crank shaft serves as an oil input port, lubricating oil which is stored in an oil reservoir in an inner bottom portion of the closed container and goes up through an oil passage formed within the crank shaft by an oil pump unit is supplied from the oil input port into the compression chamber, oil injection communication passages communicating with the compression chamber from the oil input port are formed in the mirror pl

Abstract: A process for treating outer-inner surfaces of a porous non-conductor, comprising steps of:placing said porous non-conductor between a pair of electrodes which are located opposite to each other and carry a dielectric layer on a surface facing the other electrode, respectively, so that said porous non-conductor is brought into contact with both dielectric layers without coming into contact with said electrodes; and then,applying an alternating current voltage having a frequency of about 0.1 KHz to about 100 KHz between said electrodes to thereby induce an electric discharge in voids contained in said porous non-conductor and sandwiched between a pair of said electrodes is disclosed.

Abstract: A key scanning apparatus includes display control circuit for receiving display data and for generating a display control signal which includes display timing periods for driving a display and key scan timing periods for scanning a key matrix. The display timing periods and the key scan timing periods appear in the display control signal in a time sharing manner. The key scanning apparatus also includes a key scan control circuit for outputting a key scan signal to scan the key matrix on the basis of the display control signal and selector for selectively applying either one of the display control signal and the key scan signal to data transfer lines. When the selector outputs the display control signal to the data transfer lines, transfer display data is transferred, and when the selector outputs the key scan signal to the transfer lines, key scan data is transferred.