Abstract: An apparatus which includes: a carbonizer (1) which pyrolyzes a biomass to yield a pyrolysis gas and a carbonization product; a furnace (2) in which the carbonization product supplied from the carbonizer (1) is burned; a closed vessel (3) which is disposed in the furnace (2) and holds therein a carbonate (4) which has been melted by the heat generated by the carbonization product burned in the furnace (2); an introduction pipe (5) disposed so that the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the molten carbonate (4) in the closed vessel (3); and a fuel gas supply pipe (6) disposed so that a fuel gas, which is the pyrolysis gas sent through the introduction pipe (5), passed through the molten carbonate (4), and purified by reaction with the molten carbonate (4), is sent from the closed vessel (3) to the outside of the furnace (2).

Abstract: An apparatus which includes: a carbonizer (1) which pyrolyzes a biomass to yield a pyrolysis gas and a carbonization product; a furnace (2) in which the carbonization product supplied from the carbonizer (1) is burned; a closed vessel (3) which is disposed in the furnace (2) and holds therein a carbonate (4) which has been melted by the heat generated by the carbonization product burned in the furnace (2); an introduction pipe (5) disposed so that the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the molten carbonate (4) in the closed vessel (3); and a fuel gas supply pipe (6) disposed so that a fuel gas, which is the pyrolysis gas sent through the introduction pipe (5), passed through the molten carbonate (4), and purified by reaction with the molten carbonate (4), is sent from the closed vessel (3) to the outside of the furnace (2).

Abstract: Biomass, including waste biomass, is gasified by a process in which the biomass is first carbonized, and the char and pyrolysis gas from the carbonizer are respectively fed to a high temperature gasifying part and a gas reformer part of a two-stage gasifier A gasifying agent is continuously fed to the gasifying part, and intermittently fed to the gas reformer, to maintain the temperature required to avoid tar formation in the gas reformer stage. Multiple carbonization chambers are operated in rotation. When the carbonization/gasification apparatus is used to provide fuel to an electric power generator set, exhaust heat from the generator power plant is fed back to the carbonizer, and can be supplemented by exchange of heat from the gas delivered to generator power plant from the outlet of the gasifier.

Abstract: A conductive pattern forming composition, containing in a dispersion medium conductive fine particles composed of at least one kind of metal and a dispersant for dispersing the conductive fine particles, wherein the dispersant is a polymer containing a tertiary amine-type monomer in a main chain and a polyether-type nonionic monomer in a side chain.

Abstract: Biomass, including waste biomass, is gasified by a process in which the biomass is first carbonized, and the char and pyrolysis gas from the carbonizer are respectively fed to a high temperature gasifying part and a gas reformer part of a two-stage gasifier. A gasifying agent is continuously fed to the gasifying part, and intermittently fed to the gas reformer, to maintain the temperature required to avoid tar formation in the gas reformer stage. Multiple carbonization chambers are operated in rotation. When the carbonization/gasification apparatus is used to provide fuel to an electric power generator set, exhaust heat from the generator power plant is fed back to the carbonizer, and can be supplemented by exchange of heat from the gas delivered to generator power plant from the outlet of the gasifier.

Abstract: A conductive pattern forming composition, containing in a dispersion medium conductive fine particles composed of at least one kind of metal and a dispersant for dispersing the conductive fine particles, wherein the dispersant is a polymer containing a tertiary amine-type monomer in a main chain and a polyether-type nonionic monomer in a side chain.

Abstract: A circuit board includes a base material, a conductive pattern which is formed on the base material, and a resin layer which is formed on the conductive pattern by a photocurable resin.

Abstract: A silver halide grain is disclosed, having one or more chemical sensitization clusters, and a largest size of the clusters being not less than 1.2 nm and less than 4.0 nm in diameter. A silver halide emulsion containing silver halide grains, as above-described and a preparation method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A light spectrum measuring apparatus comprises a sensor case on which a window with a glass is provided; a light emitting member and a light receiving member both provided in the case so that light emitted from the light emitting member passes through the glass, is reflected from solution, returns in the case, and is received by the light receiving member, wherein the glass, the light emitting member and the light receiving member are arranged in such a positional relation that positive reflected light which is emitted from the light emitting member and directly reflected by the glass without proceeding in the solution, is not received by the light receiving member.

Abstract: A method for chemically sensitizing a silver halide photographic emulsion with a selenium compound is disclosed. The sensitizing method comprises the steps ofpreparing a dispersion of solid particles of a selenium compound in an aqueous medium by a process comprising the following steps of(1) dissolving a substantially water-insoluble organic selenium compound in a substantially water immiscible low-boiling organic solvent to prepare a selenium compound solution,(2) dispersing the selenium compound solution in water or an aqueous solution of a dispersing aid to form a oil-in-water type dispersion, and(3) removing the organic solvent from the oil-in-water type dispersion by stirring the dispersion under a decompressed condition to precipitate the selenium compound so as to form a dispersion of fine solid particles of the selenium compound having an average particle size of 10 nm to 3 .mu.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a silver halide photographic emulsion comprising steps of:(a) forming fine-grain silver halide emulsion in a mixing vessel B separately provided from a reaction vessel A,(b) removing unnecessary ions contained in said fine-grain silver halide emulsion,(c) supplying the fine-grain silver halide emulsion to said reaction vessel A,(d) forming nucleation of a silver halide grain in said reaction vessel A, and(e) forming crystal growth of the silver halide grain in said reaction vessel A.

Abstract: A desalting method of a silver halide emulsion is disclosed, comprising removing soluble salts from the silver halide emulsion by electrodialysis, wherein said electrodialysis is carried out at a pH within a range of .+-.0.5 of an isoelectric point of a gelatin contained in the silver halide emulsion. Furthermore, by adding a salt during the course of the electrodialysis, the concentration of the emulsion is accomplished concurrently with desalting thereof.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an ultrafine gold and/or silver chalcogenide being used for the sensitivity speck seeding sensitization method is disclosed. The gold and/or silver compound, and a water-soluble chalcogenide are mixed into a protective colloid solution under prescribed condition. The light-sensitive photographic material obtained by this method has a high sensitivity and low fog property.

Abstract: A method for making a photographic composition gel ready for use in production from a good preservative frozen state, causing no change in photographic properties, wherein a photographic composition gel is melted to a sol by placing a light shielding dielectric preservative container holding lumps of a photographic composition gel in a dielectric heating apparatus which generates high frequencies capable of penetrating to a depth corresponding to the size of the above photographic composition gel lumps, and melting the photographic composition gel to a sol by irradiating the lumps of gel with the above high frequencies from the outside of the container.

Abstract: A method of preparing silver halide grains for a photographic emulsion which has a constant mass production qualities and a controlled crystalization technique is disclosed. The first reaction of halides and silver is performed in a mixer with a blades of high speed then the fine crystals of silver halide are kept in an adjusting vessel where monitoring and control devices are provided and the fine crystals are supplied to a parent tank for ripening the crystals prepared in the parent tank.

Abstract: An organic solvent having a boiling point lower than that of water is removed from liquid containig water and the organic solvent contained in a tank by exhausting air in the tank, wherein an air pressure in the tank is kept about vapor pressure level of the liquid.