Abstract: A laminated film including a resin layer on at least one side of a resin base film, the resin layer being present at least one surface, wherein the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectrum at the carbon K absorption edge at the resin layer surface satisfies I(15°)?I(90°)?0.1 when the angle formed between the incident X-ray and the resin layer surface is defined as ?, and the spectral intensity at 293.5 eV obtained by the partial electron yield method is defined as I(?). Provided is a laminated film as a release film to be used in an application that is carried out by coating the film with a coating liquid including a solvent, drying and solidifying the coating liquid, and then peeling off the solidified coating, which laminated film shows excellent applicability and an excellent peeling property, and does not show delamination of the surface layer even after a heating process.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus includes: an image carrier having a surface on which a toner image is formed; a transfer roller cooperating with a surface of the image carrier to form a nip at a first position in a direction in which the image carrier rotates; a discharging member provided at a second position downstream of the nip in a direction in which the transfer roller rotates; a first power supply that applies a first voltage opposite in polarity to toner to the transfer roller to transfer the toner image to a recording medium when the recording medium is inserted in the nip; and a second power supply that applies a second voltage identical in polarity to the toner to the discharging member to cause an electric discharge to electrically charge the toner on the surface of the transfer roller to electrically attract the toner to the transfer roller.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus includes: an image carrier having a surface on which a toner image is formed; a transfer roller cooperating with a surface of the image carrier to form a nip at a first position in a direction in which the image carrier rotates; a discharging member provided at a second position downstream of the nip in a direction in which the transfer roller rotates; a first power supply that applies a first voltage opposite in polarity to toner to the transfer roller to transfer the toner image to a recording medium when the recording medium is inserted in the nip; and a second power supply that applies a second voltage identical in polarity to the toner to the discharging member to cause an electric discharge to electrically charge the toner on the surface of the transfer roller to electrically attract the toner to the transfer roller.

Abstract: Conductive particle 10 has conductive carbon black particle (CB) 11 and cover layer 12. The amount of an insulating resin in conductive particle 10 is from 10 to 50% by mass. The number-average primary particle diameter of CB11 is from 20 to 60 nm; DBP absorption amount is from 100 to 200 mL/100 g. Cover layer 12 is formed by a phase-inversion emulsification method that contains an insulating resin having an amino group and CB11 in an oil phase. Conductive particle 10 is used suitably for a conductive agent of an intermediate transfer belt of an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A transport member, that transports a developer by rotating in a rotation direction that is predetermined around a rotation axis, includes: a shaft part including the rotation axis; and a blade part spirally provided on an outer peripheral surface of the shaft part, wherein the blade part includes a transport surface that is a surface facing a downstream side in a transport direction of the developer along the rotation axis, and a non-transport surface that is a surface other than the transport surface, and the transport member further includes a fin protruding from the non-transport surface of the blade part, the fin being provided with an interval from the outer peripheral surface of the shaft part.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier that rotates while carrying a toner image; an image former that forms the toner image; a transfer roller that transfers the toner image to a recording medium; and a bias voltage applier that applies a voltage to the transfer roller, wherein the image former forms transfer images and forms a patch image with toner between a first transfer image and a second transfer image, and the bias voltage applier applies a first voltage having a polarity opposite to a charge polarity of the toner to the transfer roller, applies a second voltage having the polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the toner and larger than the first voltage to the transfer roller, and applies a third voltage having the polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the toner and smaller than the second voltage to the transfer roller.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier that rotates while carrying a toner image; an image former that forms the toner image; a transfer roller that transfers the toner image to a recording medium; and a bias voltage applier that applies a voltage to the transfer roller, wherein the image former forms transfer images and forms a patch image with toner between a first transfer image and a second transfer image, and the bias voltage applier applies a first voltage having a polarity opposite to a charge polarity of the toner to the transfer roller, applies a second voltage having the polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the toner and larger than the first voltage to the transfer roller, and applies a third voltage having the polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the toner and smaller than the second voltage to the transfer roller.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image former which forms an image on an image carrying member with toner stored in a storage, a toner supplier which supplies toner to the storage by driving a conveyance member, a density measurer which causes the image former to form an image having a predetermined density at a predetermined timing and measures density of the formed image, a corrector which corrects a driving amount of the conveyance member based on the density measured by the density measurer, and a changer which changes a timing when the density measurer measures the density in response to an event that a predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: A transport member, that transports a developer by rotating in a rotation direction that is predetermined around a rotation axis, includes: a shaft part including the rotation axis; and a blade part spirally provided on an outer peripheral surface of the shaft part, wherein the blade part includes a transport surface that is a surface facing a downstream side in a transport direction of the developer along the rotation axis, and a non-transport surface that is a surface other than the transport surface, and the transport member further includes a fin protruding from the non-transport surface of the blade part, the fin being provided with an interval from the outer peripheral surface of the shaft part.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image former which forms an image on an image carrying member with toner stored in a storage, a toner supplier which supplies toner to the storage by driving a conveyance member, a density measurer which causes the image former to form an image having a predetermined density at a predetermined timing and measures density of the formed image, a corrector which corrects a driving amount of the conveyance member based on the density measured by the density measurer, and a changer which changes a timing when the density measurer measures the density in response to an event that a predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: [Problem] Provided is a laminated film which exhibits good general adhesiveness to PVAs, EVAs and PVBs having a wide range of saponification degrees as well as good moist heat-resistant adhesiveness. [Means for Solution] The laminated film comprises a resin layer (?) composed of an aliphatic urethane structure-containing resin composition (I) on at least one side of a thermoplastic resin film, the resin layer (?) satisfying the following properties (i) and (ii): (i) the resin layer (?) has a surface free energy (sum of the dispersion force and the polar force) of not less than 30 mN/m and not greater than 45 mN/m; and (ii) the resin layer (?) has a polar force of not less than 5.0 mN/m and not greater than 15.0 mN/m.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer film, in which a resin layer obtained using a resin (?) is provided on at least one surface of a polyester film, and which satisfies the conditions (I)-(IV) described below. (I) The resin layer has a thickness of 80-500 nm. (II) The resin layer has a pencil hardness of F or higher. (III) The multilayer film has a haze of 3.0% or less. (IV) The resin (?) is a resin that is obtained by heating a resin composition, which contains a resin (A) that has a hydroxyl group and an acryloyl group and a melamine compound (B) that has a methylol group, at 150° C. or higher. This multilayer film has a transparent resin layer that has a predominantly thin thickness of 500 nm or less, while having high hardness and excellent oligomer precipitation inhibiting properties.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt used for an image forming apparatus of an electrophotographic system includes: an elastic layer; and a surface layer formed on the elastic layer, wherein stress relief time ? [ms] of a material used for the elastic layer and hardness H [MPa] of the surface layer satisfy a first condition that 0.48<?<0.75 and 50<H<6275?3?13820?2+10140??2330 or a second condition that 0.75?? and 50<H<150.

Abstract: An electrically conductive film has an electrically conductive layer on at least one side, which is a thermoplastic resin film in which the electrically conductive layer contains a carbon nanotube (A), a carbon nanotube dispersant (B) and a binder resin (C), the total of contents of (A), (B) and (C) in the electrically conductive layer is 90% by weight or more relative to the entire electrically conductive layer, and weight rates of (A), (B) and (C) satisfy the following, and a weight ratio of (B) and (A) ((B)/(A)) is 0.5 or more and 15.0 or less: (A) 1.0 to 40.0% by weight, (B) 0.5 to 90.0% by weight, and (C) 4.0 to 98.5% by weight (provided that the total of contents of (A), (B) and (C) is let to be 100% by weight).

Abstract: [Problem] Provided is a laminated film which exhibits good general adhesiveness to PVAs, EVAs and PVBs having a wide range of saponification degrees as well as good moist heat-resistant adhesiveness. [Means for Solution] The laminated film comprises a resin layer (?) composed of an aliphatic urethane structure-containing resin composition (1) on at least one side of a thermoplastic resin film, the resin layer (?) satisfying the following properties (i) and (ii): (i) the resin layer (?) has a surface free energy (sum of the dispersion force and the polar force) of not less than 30 mN/m and not greater than 45 mN/m; and (ii) the resin layer (?) has a polar force of not less than 5.0 mN/m and not greater than 15.0 mN/m.

Abstract: A laminated film includes a resin layer provided on at least one surface of a thermoplastic resin film substrate, wherein the resin layer comprises an acrylic-modified polyester whose acrylic resin component has a glass-transition temperature of not lower than 67° C. and a sugar alcohol and/or a sugar alcohol derivative; the mass ratio of the acrylic-modified polyester to the sugar alcohol and the sugar alcohol derivative (the mass of the acrylic-modified polyester/the total mass of the sugar alcohol and the sugar alcohol derivative) is from 75/25 to 97/3; the total content of the acrylic-modified polyester and the sugar alcohol and sugar alcohol derivative is 65% by mass or more based on the total resin layer; and the haze value of the laminated film is not more than 2.0%.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt used for an image forming apparatus of an electrophotographic system includes: an elastic layer; and a surface layer formed on the elastic layer, wherein stress relief time ? [ms] of a material used for the elastic layer and hardness H [MPa] of the surface layer satisfy a first condition that 0.48<?<0.75 and 50<H<6275?3?13820?2+10140??2330 or a second condition that 0.75?? and 50<H<150.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer film, in which a resin layer obtained using a resin (?) is provided on at least one surface of a polyester film, and which satisfies the conditions (I)-(IV) described below. (I) The resin layer has a thickness of 80-500 nm. (II) The resin layer has a pencil hardness of F or higher. (III) The multilayer film has a haze of 3.0% or less. (IV) The resin (?) is a resin that is obtained by heating a resin composition, which contains a resin (A) that has a hydroxyl group and an acryloyl group and a melamine compound (B) that has a methylol group, at 150° C. or higher. This multilayer film has a transparent resin layer that has a predominantly thin thickness of 500 nm or less, while having high hardness and excellent oligomer precipitation inhibiting properties.

Abstract: Conductive particle 10 has conductive carbon black particle (CB) 11 and cover layer 12. The amount of an insulating resin in conductive particle 10 is from 10 to 50% by mass. The number-average primary particle diameter of CB11 is from 20 to 60 nm; DBP absorption amount is from 100 to 200 mL/100 g. Cover layer 12 is formed by a phase-inversion emulsification method that contains an insulating resin having an amino group and CB11 in an oil phase. Conductive particle 10 is used suitably for a conductive agent of an intermediate transfer belt of an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An electrically conductive film has an electrically conductive layer on at least one side, which is a thermoplastic resin film in which the electrically conductive layer contains a carbon nanotube (A), a carbon nanotube dispersant (B) and a binder resin (C), the total of contents of (A), (B) and (C) in the electrically conductive layer is 90% by weight or more relative to the entire electrically conductive layer, and weight rates of (A), (B) and (C) satisfy the following, and a weight ratio of (B) and (A) ((B)/(A)) is 0.5 or more and 15.0 or less: (A) 1.0 to 40.0% by weight, (B) 0.5 to 90.0% by weight, and (C) 4.0 to 98.5% by weight (provided that the total of contents of (A), (B) and (C) is let to be 100% by weight).