Abstract: The turbine is provided with a blade (50) and a structure body (11) which rotates relatively with respect to the blade (50). A stepped part (52A) having a step surface (53A) is installed at one of the leading end of the blade (50) and the structure body (11) corresponding to the leading end thereof, while a seal fin (15A) which extends toward the stepped part (52A) to form a small space (H) is installed at the other of them. A cavity (C1) is formed between the blade (50) and the structure body (11) and also between the seal fin (15A) and the partition wall which faces thereto in the rotating shaft direction of the structure body (11) on the upstream side. When a distance of the cavity (C1) between the partition wall and the seal fin (15A) is given as a cavity width (W), and a distance between the seal fin (15A) and the end edge (55) of the stepped part (52A) in the rotating shaft direction on the upstream side is given as (L), at least one of the distances (L) satisfies the following formula (1). 0.7H?L?0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic material having high Hc and High Curie point, which is capable of controlling such magnetic characteristics without requiring rare or expensive raw materials. Specifically disclosed is a magnetic material composed of particles of a magnetic iron oxide which is represented by the following general formula: ?-AxByFe2?x?yO3 or ?-AxByCzFe2?x?y?zO3 (wherein A, B and C each represents a metal excluding Fe and different from each other, satisfying 0<x, y, z<1), with ?-Fe2O3 as a main phase.

Abstract: A powder for an underlayer of a coating-type magnetic recording medium comprises acicular iron oxide particles having an average major axis length in the range of 20-200 nm, has a specific surface area measured by the BET method of 30-100 m2/g and has a powder pH of not greater than 7. The underlayer powder preferably contains 0.1-5.0 wt. % of P and optionally contains an amount of R (where R represents one or more rare earth elements, defined as including Y) such that R/Fe expressed in atomic percentage (at. %) is 0.1-10 at. %. The iron oxide powder enhances the properties required of a powder for forming the underlayer of a multi-layer structure coating-type magnetic recording tape, most notably the surface smoothness and strength of the tape.

Abstract: A powder for an underlayer of a coating-type magnetic recording medium, which powder comprises flat-acicular iron oxide particles having an average major axis length of 20–200 nm, a short axis cross-section taken perpendicularly to the long axis that has a long width and a short width, and a short axis cross-section ratio defined as the ratio of the long width to the short width that is greater than 1.3 and substantially uniform in the long axis direction, the powder having a specific surface area measured by the BET method of 30–100 m2/g. The underlayer powder preferably contains 0.1–5.0 wt % of P and, optionally, an amount of R(R representing one or more rare earth elements, defined as including Y) such that R/Fe expressed in atomic percentage (at. %) is 0.1–10 at. %.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic iron alloy powder for a magnetic recording medium is composed of acicular iron-base particles of an average major axis length (X) of not less than 20 nm and not greater than 80 nm and have oxygen content of not less than 15 wt % and coercive force (Hc) of not less than [0.0036 X3?1.1 X2+110 X?1390 (Oe)] (where X is average major axis length expressed in nm). The ferromagnetic iron alloy powder is obtained by reacting metal powder composed of acicular iron-base particles having an average major axis length of not less than 20 nm and not greater than 80 nm with pure water in substantial absence of oxygen to form a metal oxide film on the particle surfaces. Optionally, the particles can be reacted with a weak oxidizing gas by a wet or dry method.

Abstract: A magnetic powder for magnetic recording is provided that has improved properties suitable for a magnetic recording medium used with a high-sensitivity read head utilizing an MR device. The magnetic powder is composed of iron-base acicular particles containing Co, Al, R (rare earth elements, including Y) and oxygen within the ranges of Co/Fe=10–50 at. %, dissolved Al/(Fe+Co)=5–50 at. %, R/(Fe+Co)=2–25 at.

Abstract: The invention establishes a target face to which a texture will be mapped and determines the start point for drawing the texture and the number of drawing iterations. In accordance with the drawing start point and the number of drawing iterations, the texture is mapped to the target face and, further, a wireframe dividing the mapped texture is drawn. When movement of the wireframe is requested, the drawing start point is changed in accordance with the amount of movement of a drag operation. When the number of lines of the wireframe is requested, the number of drawing iterations is changed in accordance with the amount of movement of a drag operation.

Abstract: A powder for an underlayer of a coating-type magnetic recording medium comprises acicular iron oxide particles having an average major axis length in the range of 20-200 nm, has a specific surface area measured by the BET method of 30-100 m2/g and has a powder pH of not greater than 7. The underlayer powder preferably contains 0.1-5.0 wt % of P and optionally contains an amount of R (where R represents one or more rare earth elements, defined as including Y) such that R/Fe expressed in atomic percentage (at. %) is 0.1-10 at. %. The iron oxide powder enhances the properties required of a powder for forming the underlayer of a multi-layer structure coating-type magnetic recording tape, most notably the surface smoothness and strength of the tape.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic iron alloy powder for a magnetic recording medium is composed of acicular iron-base particles of an average major axis length (X) of not less than 20 nm and not greater than 80 nm and have oxygen content of not less than 15 wt % and coercive force (Hc) of not less than [0.0036 X3?1.1 X2+110 X?1390 (Oe)] (where X is average major axis length expressed in nm). The ferromagnetic iron alloy powder is obtained by reacting metal powder composed of acicular iron-base particles having an average major axis length of not less than 20 nm and not greater than 80 nm with pure water in substantial absence of oxygen to form a metal oxide film on the particle surfaces. Optionally, the particles can be reacted with a weak oxidizing gas by a wet or dry method.

Abstract: A powder for an underlayer of a coating-type magnetic recording medium, which powder comprises flat-acicular iron oxide particles having an average major axis length of 20-200 nm, a short axis cross-section taken perpendicularly to the long axis that has a long width and a short width, and a short axis cross-section ratio defined as the ratio of the long width to the short width that is greater than 1.3 and substantially uniform in the long axis direction, the powder having a specific surface area measured by the BET method of 30-100 m2/g. The underlayer powder preferably contains 0.1-5.0 wt % of P and, optionally, an amount of R(R representing one or more rare earth elements, defined as including Y) such that R/Fe expressed in atomic percentage (at. %) is 0.1-10 at. %.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a lens sheet comprises an application device, a substrate supply device, a pressing device and an irradiation device. The application device applies ionizing radiation curing type resin in the form of liquid on the upper surface of a forming die for a lens sheet to form an uncured resin body on the upper surface of the forming die. The substrate supply device places a substrate on the uncured resin body. The pressing device presses the substrate against the uncured resin body to flatten the uncured resin body, so as to form a uncured resin layer, while spreading the uncured resin body to an outside periphery of the forming die. The irradiation device irradiates ionizing radiation on the uncured resin layer through the substrate to cure the uncured resin layer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a plurality of kinds of sheets is provided. Each of sheets has a substrate and an ionizing radiation curing type resin layer on at least one of the substrate. There is carried out formation of the ionizing radiation curing type resin layer for each of the sheets, while changing forming conditions based on preset values for each of the sheets.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic iron alloy powder for a magnetic recording medium is composed of acicular iron-base particles of an average major axis length (X) of not less than 20 nm and not greater than 80 nm and have oxygen content of not less than 15 wt % and coercive force (Hc) of not less than [0.0036 X3?1.1 X2+110 X?1390 (Oe)] (where X is average major axis length expressed in nm). The ferromagnetic iron alloy powder is obtained by reacting metal powder composed of acicular iron-base particles having an average major axis length of not less than 20 nm and not greater than 80 nm with pure water in substantial absence of oxygen to form a metal oxide film on the particle surfaces. Optionally, the particles can be reacted with a weak oxidizing gas by a wet or dry method.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a lens sheet comprises an application device, a substrate supply device, a pressing device and an irradiation device. The application device applies ionizing radiation curing type resin in the form of liquid on the upper surface of a forming die for a lens sheet to form an uncured resin body on the upper surface of the forming die. The substrate supply device places a substrate on the uncured resin body. The pressing device presses the substrate against the uncured resin body to flatten the uncured resin body, so as to form a uncured resin layer, while spreading the uncured resin body to an outside periphery of the forming die. The irradiation device irradiates ionizing radiation on the uncured resin layer through the substrate to cure the uncured resin layer.

Abstract: The invention establishes a target face to which a texture will be mapped and determines the start point for drawing the texture and the number of drawing iterations. In accordance with the drawing start point and the number of drawing iterations, the texture is mapped to the target face and, further, a wireframe dividing the mapped texture is drawn. When movement of the wireframe is requested, the drawing start point is changed in accordance with the amount of movement of a drag operation. When the number of lines of the wireframe is requested, the number of drawing iterations is changed in accordance with the amount of movement of a drag operation.

Abstract: A method for peeling a lens sheet having two pairs of opposite portions from a forming mold comprises the first to third peeling steps. The first peeling step is to pull up a pair of opposite portions of a lens sheet, which is formed on a forming mold, to peel partially the lens sheet from the forming mold. The second peeling step is to pull up the other pair of opposite portions of the lens sheet to peel partially the lens sheet from the forming mold. The third peeling step is to pull up further the two pairs of opposite portions to peel entirely the lens sheet from the forming mold.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting a sheet-shaped material, comprises the first blade, the second blade, the first holding members and the second holding members. The second blade is disposed to face the first blade so that a sheet-shaped material to be cut is placed between the first blade and the second blade. The first holding members are disposed on the opposite sides of the first blade, respectively. Each of the first holding members has a cushioning property by which each of the first holding members is elastically deformed to press the sheet-shaped material during cutting operation. The second holding members are disposed on the opposite sides of the second blade, respectively. Each of the second holding members has a cushioning property by which each of the second holding members is elastically deformed to hold the sheet-shaped material during cutting operation.

Abstract: Provided is a taping machine which enables shortening the time length for bonding to each other a Fresnel lens sheet and a lenticular lens sheet and for the inspection process as well as reducing the space occupied by apparatuses used for the both processes. The taping machine includes a table part that has placed thereon a Fresnel lens sheet and a lenticular lens sheet with the end surfaces thereof being regularly arranged and superposed over upon the other, and a tape-applying mechanism that bonds the end surfaces to each other by means of a tape. The table part has a black-colored opaque plate on which a transparent plate is mounted.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic iron alloy powder for a magnetic recording medium is composed of acicular iron-base particles of an average major axis length (X) of not less than 20 nm and not greater than 80 nm and have oxygen content of not less than 15 wt % and coercive force (Hc) of not less than [0.0036 X3−1.1 X2+110 X−1390 (Oe)] (where X is average major axis length expressed in nm). The ferromagnetic iron alloy powder is obtained by reacting metal powder composed of acicular iron-base particles having an average major axis length of not less than 20 nm and not greater than 80 nm with pure water in substantial absence of oxygen to form a metal oxide film on the particle surfaces. Optionally, the particles can be reacted with a weak oxidizing gas by a wet or dry method.

Abstract: A magnetic powder for magnetic recording is provided that has improved properties suitable for a magnetic recording medium used with a high-sensitivity read head utilizing an MR device. The magnetic powder is composed of iron-base acicular particles containing Co, Al, R (rare earth elements, including Y) and oxygen within the ranges of Co/Fe=10-50 at. %, dissolved Al/(Fe+Co)=5-50 at. %, R/(Fe+Co)=2-25 at.