Abstract: Provided is a low-cost electrochemical element that includes a high-performance electrode layer. The electrochemical element includes an electrode layer, and the electrode layer contains small particles and large particles. The small particles have a particle diameter of 200 nm or less in the electrode layer, and the large particles have a particle diameter of 500 nm or more in the electrode layer.

Abstract: A metal support for an electrochemical element has a plate shape as a whole, and is provided with a plurality of penetration spaces that pass through the metal support from a front face to a back face. The front face is a face to be provided with an electrode layer. Each of front-side openings that are openings of the penetration spaces formed in the front face has an area of 3.0×10?4 mm2 or more and 3.0×10?3 mm2 or less.

Abstract: Provided is a low-cost electrochemical element that has excellent performance, reliability, and durability. Also, provided is a manufacturing method for an electrochemical element including a metal substrate (metal support) and an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate. The method includes an electrode layer forming step of forming an electrode layer having a region with a surface roughness of 1.0 ?m or less on/over the metal substrate, and an electrolyte layer forming step of forming an electrolyte layer by spraying aerosolized metal oxide powder onto the electrode layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical element including a plate-like support provided with an internal passage therein. The plate-like support includes a gas-permeable portion through which gas is permeable between the internal passage and the outside of the plate-like support and an electrochemical reaction portion that is formed by stacking at least a film-like electrode layer, a film-like electrolyte layer, and a film-like counter electrode layer in the stated order in a predetermined stacking direction on an outer face of the plate-like support so as to entirely or partially cover the gas-permeable portion. A first gas, that is one of reducing component gas and oxidative component gas, flows through the internal passage, and the internal passage is provided with a turbulence forming body that forms a turbulence state of the first gas.

Abstract: An electrochemical module including: a stack obtained by stacking, in a predetermined stacking direction, a plurality of electrochemical elements having a configuration in which an electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode layer are formed along a substrate, via an annular sealing portion through which first gas that is one of reducing component gas and oxidative component gas flows; a container that includes an upper cover for pressing a first flat face in the stacking direction of the stack and a lower cover for pressing a second flat face on a side opposite to the first flat face, the stack being sandwiched between the upper cover and the lower cover; and a pressing mechanism that presses a portion to which the annular sealing portion is attached against the container in the stacking direction.

Abstract: An electrochemical module including, a stack obtained by stacking, in a predetermined stacking direction, a plurality of electrochemical elements having a configuration in which an electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode layer are formed along a substrate, via an annular sealing portion through which first gas, that is one of reducing component gas and oxidative component gas, flows; a container including an upper cover for pressing a first flat face in the stacking direction of the stack and a lower cover for pressing a second flat face on a side opposite to the first flat face, the stack clamped between the upper cover and the lower cover; an elastic lower plate-like member arranged between the first flat face and the upper cover; and a first gas supply portion and a first gas discharge portion connected to the second flat face in communication with the annular sealing portion.

Abstract: Provided are a low-cost electrochemical device and the like that have both durability and high performance as well as excellent reliability. The electrochemical device includes at least one metal material, and the metal material is made of a Fe—Cr alloy that contains Ti in an amount of more than 0.10 mass % and 1.0 mass % or less.

Abstract: Realized is an element having an electrolyte layer that is dense and has high gas barrier characteristics. A metal-supported electrochemical element includes at least a metal substrate as a support, an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate, a buffer layer formed on the electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer formed on the buffer layer. The electrode layer is porous and the electrolyte layer is dense. The buffer layer has density higher than density of the electrode layer and lower than density of the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Realized is an element having an electrolyte layer that is dense and has high gas barrier characteristics. A metal-supported electrochemical element includes at least a metal substrate as a support, an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate, a buffer layer formed on the electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer formed on the buffer layer. The electrode layer is porous and the electrolyte layer is dense. The buffer layer has density higher than density of the electrode layer and lower than density of the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Provided is a low-cost electrochemical element that has excellent reliability and durability. A substrate with an electrode layer for a metal-supported electrochemical element includes a metal support and an electrode layer formed on/over the metal support, and the electrode layer has a region with a surface roughness of 1.0 ?m or less.

Abstract: Provided are a low-cost electrochemical device and the like that have both durability and high performance as well as excellent reliability. The electrochemical device includes at least one metal material, and the metal material is made of a Fe—Cr alloy that contains Ti in an amount of more than 0.10 mass % and 1.0 mass % or less.

Abstract: A metal support for an electrochemical element has a plate shape as a whole, and is provided with a plurality of penetration spaces that pass through the metal support from a front face to a back face. The front face is a face to be provided with an electrode layer. Each of front-side openings that are openings of the penetration spaces formed in the front face has an area of 3.0×10?4 mm2 or more and 3.0×10?3 mm2 or less.

Abstract: A metal support for an electrochemical element has a plate shape as a whole, and is provided with a plurality of penetration spaces 1c that pass through the metal support from a front face 1a to a back face. The front face 1a is a face to be provided with an electrode layer. A region of the front face 1a provided with the penetration spaces is a hole region, and openings of the penetration spaces formed in the front face are front-side openings. An aperture ratio that is a ratio of the front-side openings to the hole region is 0.1% or more and 7.0% or less.

Abstract: Provided is a low-cost electrochemical element that includes a high-performance electrode layer. The electrochemical element includes an electrode layer, and the electrode layer contains small particles and large particles. The small particles have a particle diameter of 200 nm or less in the electrode layer, and the large particles have a particle diameter of 500 nm or more in the electrode layer.

Abstract: A cylindrical indwelling medical device is formed by connecting a plurality of struts in a circumferential direction of the device in such a way to share a rib in an axial direction in neighboring struts to form annular or spiral columns of struts and connecting the columns of struts in the axial direction via links. Each strut has at least one set of strut pieces providing a bistable structure for supporting a load from reducing a diameter of the indwelling medical device and portions for inducing snap-through buckling deformation. load is in a direction preventing reverse snap-through buckling deformation to hold an expanded diameter state of the device. After the indwelling medical device with its diameter reduced has been introduced into a luminal organ and has expanded its diameter to indwell there, the device can resist sufficiently against the reduction in diameter, thus maintaining the expanded diameter state of the device.

Abstract: Realized is an element having an electrolyte layer that is dense and has high gas barrier characteristics. A metal-supported electrochemical element includes at least a metal substrate as a support, an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate, a buffer layer formed on the electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer formed on the buffer layer. The electrode layer is porous and the electrolyte layer is dense. The buffer layer has density higher than density of the electrode layer and lower than density of the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Realized is an element having an electrolyte layer that is dense and has high gas barrier characteristics. A metal-supported electrochemical element includes at least a metal substrate as a support, an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate, a buffer layer formed on the electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer formed on the buffer layer. The electrode layer is porous and the electrolyte layer is dense. The buffer layer has density higher than density of the electrode layer and lower than density of the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Realized is an element having an electrolyte layer that is dense and has high gas barrier characteristics. A metal-supported electrochemical element includes at least a metal substrate as a support, an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate, a buffer layer formed on the electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer formed on the buffer layer. The electrode layer is porous and the electrolyte layer is dense. The buffer layer has density higher than density of the electrode layer and lower than density of the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A plurality of branch bars is provided on opposing sides of paired strut pieces connected by links in a strut to protrude from one towards the other side, and a plurality of ratchet teeth is formed on the side of the branch bars respectively. When a stent made of polymer material having a cylindrical constitution in which a plurality of struts is connected by links is deformed to enlarge its diameter, the paired struts are deformed to come near to each other, so that the branch bars overlap each other with the ratchet teeth formed thereon engaging with each other. As the effect of engagement of the ratchet teeth with each other, while deformation of the struts so as to enlarge the diameter of the stent is allowed, deformation so as to reduce the diameter of the stent is inhibited.

Abstract: A cylindrical indwelling medical device is formed by connecting a plurality of struts in a circumferential direction of the device in such a way to share a rib in an axial direction in neighboring struts to form annular or spiral columns of struts and connecting the columns of struts in the axial direction via links. Each strut has at least one set of strut pieces providing a bistable structure for supporting a load from reducing a diameter of the indwelling medical device and portions for inducing snap-through buckling deformation. load is in a direction preventing reverse snap-through buckling deformation to hold an expanded diameter state of the device. After the indwelling medical device with its diameter reduced has been introduced into a luminal organ and has expanded its diameter to indwell there, the device can resist sufficiently against the reduction in diameter, thus maintaining the expanded diameter state of the device.