Abstract: Use of a side resonator group comprising a plurality of side resonators, each including both an electromagnetically inductive function section made of a substantially ringed conductive material and an electrically capacitive function section made of a gap, so arranged in a circle as to make said electrically capacitive function sections opposed to the center as high frequency energy supply means, enables a high frequency discharge to take place in a smaller space than that observed in use of a conventional cavity resonator. Besides, application of said high frequency energy supply means to a high frequency electrodeless lamp device enables high frequency energy to be effectively coupled even with a relatively small size of electrodeless discharge lamp.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave signal processing apparatus for processing first and second high-frequency signals having frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 respectively, which comprises: first and second surface acoustic wave delay elements for receiving the first and second high-frequency signals respectively and independently of each other, the delay elements being formed as surface acoustic wave excitation and reception transducers on a piezoelectric substrate so that a phase delay .phi..sub.1 with respect to the frequency f.sub.1 is substantially equal to a phase delay .phi..sub.2 with respect to the frequency f.sub.2 (that is, .phi..sub.1 .apprxeq..phi..sub.2); and a mixer for mixing first and second high-frequency output signals of the first and second surface acoustic wave delay elements so that a signal having a frequency .vertline.f.sub.1 -f.sub.2 .vertline. which is a difference between the two frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 is taken out as an output signal of the mixer.

Abstract: In the method of calculating the impedance of an electromagnetic part, the cost is low, the calculation time is short, and data for analysis are easy to handle.

Abstract: Without increasing propagation loss or diffraction loss, (unlike conventional surface acoustic wave, SAW, filters which need many electrode finger pairs for constructing interdigital transducers, IDTs, to realize a steep cutoff frequency characteristic by conventional weighting or apodization that involves a high propagation loss and a high diffraction loss), there is provided a SAW filter with a very steep cutoff frequency characteristic on the low frequency side which uses three IDTs having N1, N2 and N3 electrode finger pairs, respectively. The filter is particularly applicable to a mobile radio communication device, such as a cellular radio. The relation between all the number of pairs N1+N2+N3 of the IDTs and the electromechanical coupling coefficient k.sup.2 of the piezoelectric substrate is N2<(N1+N3)<3.times.N2, and 2/k.sup.2 .gtoreq.(N1+N2+N3).gtoreq.0.8/k.sup.2.

Abstract: A mask structure has two (or more) groups of device patterns formed on one transparent support plate. Each of the device patterns has a transparent partial pattern. One or both of the groups of device patterns are provided with phase shifting patterns for improvement of the resolution in the lithography. The transparent partial pattern in each of the device patterns in each of the device pattern groups is determined such that each of the transparent partial patterns held by one of the device pattern groups is adapted for combination with one transparent partial pattern held by the other device pattern group by two or more times of transmission of an exposure beam through the mask structure. Manufacturing of solid-state devices is possible by use of the mask structure, in which exposure of a photo-sensitive film on a substrate to an exposure beam through the mask structure is repeated two or more times with a relative position between the mask structure and the substrate being changed.

Abstract: In order to take into account the effect of load resistance applied to an electromagnetic field in analyzing an electromagnetic wave oscillator, the present invention arranges a resistance equivalent to the load resistance in the analytical region, and converts a voltage applied to the load and the current flowing therein into an electric field component and a magnetic field component to analyze the electromagnetic field distribution of the entire analytical region. The motion of an electrical charge is thus analyzed taking into account a force applied to the electric charge by the electromagnetic field distribution. This compound analysis of both the electric charge motion and the electromagnetic field is alternately and repeatedly performed.

Abstract: An instrument is disclosed for the analysis of the levitation of a structure such as a video tape rapidly running through fluid such as air, by simultaneously solving an equation on the pressure of fluid and an equation on the displacement of the structure. The instrument may include a data input part for reading data regarding the fluid and structure, a levitation analysis part for forming and solving simultaneous equation on the fluid and structure based on the input data, and a result output part for outputting the analyzed result.