Abstract: A polarizing plate may have high transmittance characteristics and suppressed reflected light. An optical device may be provided with the polarizing plate. The polarizing plate may have a wire grid structure that includes a transparent substrate and grid-like projection portions arranged on the transparent substrate at a pitch shorter than the wavelength of light in a used bandwidth and extending in a predetermined direction. The grid-like projection portions may each have a reflective layer and a dielectric layer in order from the transparent substrate side. When viewed from the predetermined direction, the reflective layer has may have a step on the side thereof and may have the largest bottom width on the transparent substrate side.

Abstract: Provided is a structural birefringence-type inorganic wave plate having excellent heat resistance and durability, and a fine pattern. Also provided is a manufacturing method for an inorganic wave plate by which, even in the case of a fine pattern, productivity is high, and a desired phase difference is easily achieved and stably obtained. This inorganic wave plate is obtained by utilizing a selective interaction between a polymer having a repeating unit containing a carbonyl group, and a metallic oxide precursor, the inorganic wave plate having a wire grid structure provided with a transparent substrate, and grid-shaped protruding portions arranged at a pitch shorter than the wavelength of light in a used band on at least one surface of the transparent substrate and extending in a predetermined direction, the main component of the grid-shaped protruding portion being a metallic oxide.

Abstract: The invention comprises: processing for receiving an OFDM packet having a preamble and the following data transmission symbol, in which packet the subcarrier interval of the preamble is set wider than that of the data transmission symbol; processing for estimating a DC offset occurring at a receiving side by using the received preamble; processing for correcting the DC offset on the received data transmission symbol, according to the estimation result of the DC offset; and processing for demodulating the DC offset corrected data transmission symbol. Thus, it is possible to estimate a DC offset and then correct the DC offset according to the estimated value, in the OFDM packet with no nul symbol defined there.

Abstract: The description relates to a rectenna solar-battery hybrid panels that not only receive electric power transmitted by microwaves after the electric energy has been generated from sunlight, but also gain sunlight energy on the open faces of the panels, and to hybrid solar photovoltaic generation systems. In the rectenna solar-battery hybrid panel, a plurality of solar battery cells for receiving sunlight and converting the sunlight into electricity and a plurality of microwave receiving antenna elements for receiving microwaves transmitted through space are provided. dc electric power is obtained from microwave power, having been received by the microwave receiving antenna elements, being rectified by a rectifying circuit. Stable electric power can be obtained from the output of the solar battery cells and the rectifying circuit.

Abstract: A communication semiconductor integrated circuit has a demodulator circuit built in a single semiconductor chip.

Abstract: The invention comprises: processing for receiving an OFDM packet having a preamble and the following data transmission symbol, in which packet the subcarrier interval of the preamble is set wider than that of the data transmission symbol; processing for estimating a DC offset occurring at a receiving side by using the received preamble; processing for correcting the DC offset on the received data transmission symbol, according to the estimation result of the DC offset; and processing for demodulating the DC offset corrected data transmission symbol. Thus, it is possible to estimate a DC offset and then correct the DC offset according to the estimated value, in the OFDM packet with no nul symbol defined there.

Abstract: High-output transmitters are applied to a power generation satellite and a transmission antenna apparatus and a transmission antenna having an array antenna with a small number of element antennas and a reflecting mirror antenna is applied, thereby providing a power generation satellite and a transmission antenna apparatus in a space photovoltaic generation system comprising transmission antennas each having performance equivalent to that of a phased array antenna with a smaller number of transmitters and a smaller number of element antennas than those of a transmission antenna implemented as a phased array antenna.

Abstract: A power generation satellite converts electric energy generated from sunlight into a microwave and spreads and applies the microwave through a power transmission antenna of the power generation satellite to any desired area widely on earth. The beam width of the microwave is determined by the aperture area of the power transmission antenna placed in the power generation satellite. To spread and apply the microwave to a wide area, the power transmission antenna provided in the power generation satellite need not be a very large antenna having a diameter of several km or more like a power generation satellite power transmission antenna in a space photovoltaic power generation system in a related art.

Abstract: High-output transmitters are applied to a power generation satellite and a transmission antenna apparatus and a transmission antenna having an array antenna with a small number of element antennas and a reflecting mirror antenna is applied, thereby providing a power generation satellite and a transmission antenna apparatus in a space photovoltaic generation system comprising transmission antennas each having performance equivalent to that of a phased array antenna with a smaller number of transmitters and a smaller number of element antennas than those of a transmission antenna implemented as a phased array antenna.

Abstract: A space photovoltaic power generation system including a plurality of power satellites arranged in space, each of which converts electrical energy, into which sunlight has been photoelectric-converted, into a microwave, and transmits the microwave to an electric power base. The space photovoltaic power generation system divides the plurality of power satellites into a number of power satellite groups and adjusts the amount of phase adjustment to be made to a microwave which each of the plurality of power satellites included in each power satellite group will transmit so that a plurality of microwaves from the plurality of power satellites included in each power satellite group are in phase with one another. The beamwidth of the plurality of microwaves can be reduced without increasing the area of the aperture of a transmission antenna of each of the plurality of power satellites.

Abstract: A space photovoltaic generation system including a plurality of power satellites arranged in space, each of which converts electrical energy, into which sunlight has been photoelectric-converted, into a microwave, and transmits the microwave to an electric power base. The system can thus transmit a microwave of high power to the electric power base. Each of the plurality of power satellites modulates the generated microwave so as to generate an incoherent microwave before transmitting it to the electric power base, thus reducing the power density of the electric power transmitted to the electric power base on the earth and hence a loss in the total amount of energy transmitted to the electrical power base on the earth.

Abstract: A method of and a system for receiving microwave beams from a plurality of power satellites (1) in space by way of a receiving antenna (3). By controlling the directions of a plurality of microwave beams to be transmitted from the plurality of power satellites, the plurality of power satellites (1) direct the plurality of microwave beams into an aperture surface of the receiving antenna (3), respectively, so that the plurality of microwave beams can be dispersively received at a number of different positions on the aperture surface of the receiving antenna (3), so as to level the energy distribution of the microwaves received on the aperture surface of the receiving antenna (3).

Abstract: A demultiplexing and decoding apparatus for coded audio and video data realized with a simple circuit construction and reduced processing load, which processes a packet with higher priority over other packets, prior to the other packets. A plurality of TS packet buffers 73 and 74, for storing input TS packets until they are interpreted, are set in a RAM 7, and processing priority orders are respectively set in the buffers. A PID filter 31 demultiplexes a TS packet, with a PID designated in PID table 36, from a supplied transport stream. A TS packet with higher priority is stored into the TS packet buffer 73, while a TS packet with lower priority is stored into the TS packet buffer 74. Regardless of the input order, the TS packet stored in the TS packet buffer 73 is processed by the CPU 6 prior to the TS packet stored in the TS packet buffer 74.

Abstract: A space photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of power satellites (1) arranged in space, each of which converts electrical energy, into which sunlight has been photoelectric-converted, into a microwave, and transmits the microwave to an electric power base (4). The space photovoltaic power generation system divides the plurality of power satellites (1) into a number of power satellite groups and adjusts the amount of phase adjustment to be made to a microwave which each of the plurality of power satellites included in each power satellite group will transmit so that a plurality of microwaves from the plurality of power satellites included in each power satellite group are in phase with one another. The beamwidth of the plurality of microwaves can be reduced without increasing the area of the aperture of a transmission antenna of each of the plurality of power satellites.

Abstract: A method of and a system for receiving microwave beams from a plurality of power satellites (1) in space by way of a receiving antenna (3). By controlling the directions of a plurality of microwave beams to be transmitted from the plurality of power satellites, the plurality of power satellites (1) direct the plurality of microwave beams into an aperture surface of the receiving antenna (3), respectively, so that the plurality of microwave beams can be dispersively received at a number of different positions on the aperture surface of the receiving antenna (3), so as to level the energy distribution of the microwaves received on the aperture surface of the receiving antenna (3).

Abstract: A space photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of power satellites (1) arranged in space, each of which converts electrical energy, into which sunlight has been photoelectric-converted, into a microwave, and transmits the microwave to an electric power base. The system can thus transmit a microwave of high power to the electric power base. Each of the plurality of power satellites (1) modulates the generated microwave so as to generate an incoherent microwave before transmitting it to the electric power base, thus reducing the power density of the electric power transmitted to the electric power base on the earth and hence a loss in the total amount of energy transmitted to the electric power base on the earth.

Abstract: A PWM converter includes a power source current detector (9), current instruction generator (7), current controller (6) and a main circuit power control section (8), and the current controller is constituted of comparators (17, 18, 19) which compare the line current measurement results with the line current instruction values, and a logic circuit (10) which generates switching instruction signals (PU, PV, PW) based on the comparison results with use of timing signals so that the switching power devices (Q1-Q6) are selectively turned ON and OFF in the direction of reducing the difference between the line current measurement results and the line current instruction values, and thus essentially solves the prior art problems associated with gain adjustment of current error amplifiers, which is completely adjustment-free and yet inexpensive.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus supplies a current to the motor according to the control either by an average current controller or by an instantaneous current controller. The selection of the controller is done by a switching command signal selector, which selects the average current controller when the position deviation is within a specified range, and selects the instantaneous current controller when the position deviation is outside this specified range.

Abstract: A PWM inverter output circuit enabling circuit integration, having a fast response characteristic, and unaffected by dv/dt transients is provided. A predrive circuit 17 drives a power circuit 11 comprising first and second power elements P1 and P2 by controlling the gate and source potential of the power elements P1 and P2 based on a stored control state. The control state is detected from a logic signal output from an input signal processor 13, which converts a command signal instructing turning on and off the power elements P1 and P2 to predetermined logic signals. Operating power is drawn from a main dc power source V1, a control power source V2, and a power supply capacitor C1 that is charged using an output voltage from the control power source V2. The gates and sources of the power elements P1 and P2 are connected together.

Abstract: A protection apparatus used in a brushless motor is arranged by a brushless motor; a commutation signal detecting unit for detecting a position of a movable member of the brushless motor; a speed detecting unit for detecting a rotation speed of the movable member of the brushless motor, involving a rotation direction thereof, in response to the detection signal outputted from the commutation signal detecting unit; and a drive circuit for producing a commutation signal used to drive the movable member of the brushless motor in response to the detection signal outputted from the commutation signal detecting unit and for driving the brushless motor based upon the commutation signal.