Abstract: A data transmission method includes receiving, by a network device, a tactile data flow and at least one first data flow sent by a machine-side device. The tactile data flow and the at least one first data flow includes a synchronization identifier. The data transmission method also includes synchronizing, by the network device, transmission time of the tactile data flow and transmission time of the at least one first data flow.

Abstract: This application provides a transmission parameter adjustment method and a communication apparatus. The transmission parameter adjustment method includes: increasing a downlink transmission bandwidth of a service from a first downlink transmission bandwidth to a second downlink transmission bandwidth, where the second downlink transmission bandwidth is less than or equal to a target downlink transmission bandwidth, and the target downlink transmission bandwidth is a smaller value between a maximum downlink bandwidth supported by a system and a maximum downlink bandwidth supported by a terminal device; reducing a downlink delay budget of the service from a first downlink delay budget to a second downlink delay budget based on the second downlink transmission bandwidth; and increasing an uplink delay budget of the service from a first uplink delay budget to a second uplink delay budget based on the second downlink delay budget.

Abstract: The present application provides a resource scheduling method and apparatus. The method includes: receiving a first coded frame; determining a remaining delay budget of the first coded frame based on an actual time point at which the first coded frame arrives at a first network element; determining a scheduling priority based on the remaining delay budget; and scheduling, for the first coded frame based on the scheduling priority, a transmission resource for transmitting the first coded frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: A transmit device calculates an original priority of proportional-fair PF scheduling of a target logical channel; the transmit device calculates a priority modification factor of the target logical channel based on whether a first packet in a current minimum effective transmission unit (METU) that is being sent on the target logical channel has left a buffer queue; the transmit device performs weighting on the original priority of the target logical channel by using the priority modification factor, to obtain a modified priority of the target logical channel; and the transmit device schedules the target logical channel based on the modified priority.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium. The method includes: obtaining average user-experience information; obtaining quality impairment information of a data packet; and sending the data packet to a terminal based on a priority of the data packet, where the priority of the data packet is related to the quality impairment information of the data packet and/or the average user-experience information.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and an apparatus. In the method, a first data unit is received from a server or a data network, wherein the first data unit comprises first identification information and second identification information, a target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit is obtained based on the first identification information, protocol data encapsulation is performed on the first data unit based on the target transmission requirement, to obtain a second data unit that comprises third identification information related to the second identification information; and the second data unit is sent to an access network device.

Abstract: A data transmission method and an apparatus. A transmission priority of a data packet may be changed so that the data packet has an opportunity to continue to be transmitted. when the data packet just arrives at a PDCP layer of a communication apparatus, and the priority of the data packet is an initial priority. If the data packet is not sent or is not successfully sent after a decoding moment of a receiver is exceeded, compared with a manner of directly discarding the data packet, in this manner, the priority of the data packet may be changed, so that the data packet has the opportunity to continue to be transmitted. This helps improve a compression rate and a decoding effect, to improve user experience.

Abstract: A communication method includes obtaining network transmission quality information and channel state information (CSI), where the network transmission quality information indicates communication quality of extended reality (XR) data during network transmission; and managing a data communication manner based on the network transmission quality information and the CSI. According to the method, when managing a manner of data communication, a network device considers network transmission quality information that can reflect XR experience, thereby improving XR experience of a terminal device in a communication system, and further effectively increasing a quantity of users satisfied with the XR experience in the communication system.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose example data transmission methods and example communication apparatuses. One example method includes receiving, by a first core network function entity, multi-stream transmission information of a service, where the multi-stream transmission information indicates that the service is transmitted via first split data and second split data. The first core network function entity can then receiver, based on the multi-stream transmission information, first quality of service QoS configuration information and second QoS configuration information, where the first QoS configuration information corresponds to the first split data, and the second QoS configuration information corresponds to the second split data. The first core network function entity can then output the first QoS configuration information and the second QoS configuration information.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a decoding method and apparatus in the communications field. The method includes: extracting at least one piece of prior information from at least one first transport block that has been successfully decoded, and assembling the at least one piece of prior information into a prior information set, where one piece of prior information includes header information of a transmission protocol layer of one first transport block; when a to-be-decoded second transport block sent by a transmit end is received, selecting first prior information from the prior information set, where the second transport block is a transport block obtained by the transmit end by coding a third transport block; and decoding the second transport block based on the first prior information and first demodulation information of the second transport block, to obtain the third transport block.

Abstract: Methods of forming electronic devices comprising tungsten film stacks are provided. Methods include forming a tungsten nucleation layer on the barrier layer using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process including a tungsten precursor that is free of fluorine. Forming the nucleation layer comprises controlling process parameters and/or forming WSi pre-nucleation layer.

Abstract: Methods of forming metallic tungsten films selectively on a conductive surface relative to a dielectric surface are described. A substrate is exposed to a first process condition to deposit a fluorine-free metallic tungsten film. The fluorine-free metallic tungsten film is exposed to a second process condition to deposit a tungsten film on the fluorine-free metallic tungsten film.

Abstract: Methods of forming metallic tungsten films selectively on a conductive surface relative to a dielectric surface are described. A substrate is exposed to a first process condition to deposit a tungsten-containing film that is substrate free of tungsten metal. The tungsten-containing film is then converted to a metallic tungsten film by exposure to a second process condition.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a decoding method and apparatus in the communications field. The method includes: extracting at least one piece of prior information from at least one first transport block that has been successfully decoded, and assembling the at least one piece of prior information into a prior information set, where one piece of prior information includes header information of a transmission protocol layer of one first transport block; when a to-be-decoded second transport block sent by a transmit end is received, selecting first prior information from the prior information set, where the second transport block is a transport block obtained by the transmit end by coding a third transport block; and decoding the second transport block based on the first prior information and first demodulation information of the second transport block, to obtain the third transport block.

Abstract: The present invention is a circuit arrangement for a wireless cellular network. The circuit arrangement includes a determiner configured to determine a priority value of each packet of a plurality of packets based on at least a position of a video frame in a group of pictures and a type of the video frame, the video frame or a part thereof being contained in the packet, wherein the type of video frame comprises I frame data or P frame data; and wherein the determiner is further configured to set the priority value of a packet including I frame data lower than the priority value of at least one other packet including P frame data; and a controller configured to control scheduling of the packet based on the determined priority value for a communication device in a wireless cellular network. A method of determining a priority of packet scheduling is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a circuit arrangement for a wireless cellular network. The circuit arrangement includes a determiner configured to determine a priority value of each packet of a plurality of packets based on at least a position of a video frame in a group of pictures and a type of the video frame, the video frame or a part thereof being contained in the packet, wherein the type of video frame comprises I frame data or P frame data; and wherein the determiner is further configured to set the priority value of a packet including I frame data lower than the priority value of at least one other packet including P frame data; and a controller configured to control scheduling of the packet based on the determined priority value for a communication device in a wireless cellular network. A method of determining a priority of packet scheduling is also disclosed.