Abstract: Methods and systems are described for receiving data including a hierarchy change log comprising change records specifying changes made to hierarchical data. The hierarchical data includes hierarchically arranged nodes. Change records are grouped according to a key corresponding to each record. Using a record consolidation algorithm, a consolidated view of the hierarchy change log is generated. A consolidated view can be generated by sorting, for each group, the change records into an ascending temporal order based on their respective timestamps to form a sequence of change records. The consolidated view is then displayed on an electronic visual display. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for generating a hierarchy. In one example, a method includes receiving a first data graph including a plurality of nodes and links connecting the plurality of nodes, receiving a second data graph including a second plurality of nodes and links connecting the second plurality of nodes, generating a hierarchy based on the first data graph and the second data graph, where the generated hierarchy includes a plurality of levels, nodes from the first data graph arranged on at least one level, nodes from the second data graph arranged on at least one other level, and links connecting the nodes from the first data graph and the nodes from the second data graph, and indicating a relationships between the first and second data items, and outputting the generated hierarchy for at least one of display and further processing.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an olefin polymerization catalyst and a combined catalyst containing the same. The catalyst comprises a reaction product of a magnesium dialkoxide, a titanium compound, an electron donor compound A and an electron donor compound B, wherein the electron donor compound A is a sulfonyl compound represented by general formula I, X is a disubstituted or unsubstituted group 14 element atom, a monosubstituted or unsubstituted group 15 element atom or group 16 element atom, and the substituent is a monocyclic, polycyclic or heteroatom-containing cyclic group or an aliphatic chain; R1 and R2 are respectively hydrogen atom, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl or heteroatom-containing cyclic group. The combined catalyst comprises the catalyst and an organoaluminium compound and can comprise an organosilicon compound.

Abstract: A communication system, an intelligent peripheral, a charging method, a service control point, and a service switching point are provided. The communication system includes a service switching point, a service control point and an intelligent peripheral. The service control point is adapted for sending an operation characteristic parameter identifying whether to charge for a service to the intelligent peripheral; the intelligent peripheral is adapted for judging whether to request the service switching point to charge for the service according to the operation characteristic parameter identifying whether to charge for the service, and instructing the intelligent peripheral not to send an answer charging message to the service switching point if a result of the judging is negative. Accurate and efficient charging is achieved in various situations of intelligent peripheral resource utilization in an intelligent network.

Abstract: A method for implementing a multimedia RBT service includes: receiving, by an calling MSC server, a call request from a calling party; performing a first media capability negotiation between a calling party and an MRS, after detecting a response of a called party; and instructing the MRS to play a multimedia RBT to the calling party according to a result of the first media capability negotiation. A system for implementing the multimedia RBT includes: an MSC server and an MRS. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, a multimedia RBT service may be implemented in the 3G network, thereby enabling an original audio RBT service in a hybrid 3/2G network and the 3G network to coexist with the multimedia RBT service, and ensuring the normal use of an RBT service.