Abstract: An optical device for a semiconductor based lamp comprises a semiconductor based light-emitting device and a light-redirecting member. The light-redirecting member has a reflective surface that redirects at least some of the light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device ambiently, away from the lamp, and into the surrounding environment in divergent lateral and at least partially downward directions, without further reflection. A frosted semi-transparent cover encloses the light-emitting device and light-redirecting member. A gap between the semi-transparent cover and an outer edge of the light-redirecting member passes some of the light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device upwardly into a surrounding environment.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical device for a semiconductor based lamp, the optical device comprising a base for mounting a semiconductor based light-emitting device, and a light-redirecting member having an opening and a reflective surface next to the opening, wherein the opening is aligned directly above the semiconductor based light-emitting device, and the reflective surface redirects light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device to lateral directions.

Abstract: An optical device for a semiconductor based lamp comprises a semiconductor based light-emitting device and a light-redirecting member. The light-redirecting member has a reflective surface that redirects at least some of the light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device ambiently, away from the lamp, and into the surrounding environment in divergent lateral and at least partially downward directions, without further reflection. A frosted semi-transparent cover encloses the light-emitting device and light-redirecting member. A gap between the semi-transparent cover and an outer edge of the light-redirecting member passes some of the light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device upwardly into a surrounding environment.

Abstract: An optical device for a semiconductor based lamp includes a base and a semiconductor based light-emitting device mounted on the base. A transparent body encapsulates the semiconductor based light-emitting device. A reflective surface is in contact with the transparent body and covers a predetermined region on a top of the transparent body. The reflective surface has an opening. At least a portion of the transparent body protrudes through the opening in the reflective surface. Light emitted from the semiconductor based light-emitting device transmits upwardly through the opening in the reflective surface.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical device for a semiconductor based lamp, the optical device comprising a base for mounting a semiconductor based light-emitting device, and a light-redirecting member having an opening and a reflective surface next to the opening, wherein the opening is aligned directly above the semiconductor based light-emitting device, and the reflective surface redirects light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device to lateral directions.

Abstract: An optical device for a semiconductor based lamp includes a base and a semiconductor based light-emitting device mounted on the base. A transparent body encapsulates the semiconductor based light-emitting device. A reflective surface is in contact with the transparent body and covers a predetermined region on a top of the transparent body. The reflective surface has an opening. At least a portion of the transparent body protrudes through the opening in the reflective surface. Light emitted from the semiconductor based light-emitting device transmits upwardly through the opening in the reflective surface.

Abstract: A sunlight collecting system generally comprises a light receiving module, a first light directing pipe, a second light directing pipe, and a third light directing pipe. The light receiving module includes a primary reflector and a secondary reflector. The primary reflector is structured in a way that an array of reflecting units can condense and direct sunlight to the secondary reflector, which in turn directs the sunlight sequentially into the first, second and third light directing pipes and finally to a residence house or office building for illumination, landscape gardening, decoration, temperature adjustment, power generation, energy storage, and so on. The installation of the system allows the light receiving module to rotate horizontally or vertically around an axis to an orientation best suitable for collecting the sunlight. The system is easy to install and it collects and directs sunlight efficiently.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical device for a semiconductor based lamp, the optical device comprising a base for mounting a semiconductor based light-emitting device thereon, a transparent body encapsulating the semiconductor based light-emitting device, and a reflective surface covering a predetermined region on a top of the transparent body, the reflective surface having an opening exposing the transparent body, wherein light emitted from the semiconductor based light-emitting device transmits through the opening of the reflective surface.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical device for a semiconductor based lamp, the optical device comprising a base for mounting a semiconductor based light-emitting device, and a light-redirecting member having an opening and a reflective surface next to the opening, wherein the opening is aligned directly above the semiconductor based light-emitting device, and the reflective surface redirects light emitted from the semiconductor-based light-emitting device to lateral directions.

Abstract: A lens beam-concentrating device comprises at least one light-emitting diode light source disposed on a lateral edge of a light guide plate. The light source emits light rays toward the light guide plate, after the light rays are directed by the light guide plate, a parallel light beam will emit from an emission surface of the light guide plate to form a plane light source. A first lens element and a second lens element are arranged in front of the light emission surface of the light guide plate for adjusting and collimating the parallel beam, so as to ensure the light rays to emit out of the beam-concentrating device parallel to each other.

Abstract: The present invention includes two photodiodes in parallel connected to some transistors and an adjustable current source. The photocurrent difference from the two photodiodes combines with the current form the current source to be a positive value. This current then charges a capacitor. An automatic comparator circuit detects voltage of the charging capacitor. The Q output of the RS flip-flop is low and the transistor is off to charge the capacitor if the voltage of the capacitor is below a preset value. The buffer output is at low voltage in this case; The Q output of the RS flip-flop is high and the transistor is on to force discharging of the capacitor and the buffer output is at high level when the capacitor voltage reaches a preset value. By repeating these conditions, frequency modulated output can be obtained. The frequency value is related to the two light intensities difference and the current source combined current. When light intensity varies, the frequency varies accordingly.

Abstract: A polishing head is suitable for polishing a semiconductor wafer and for providing endpoint detection during chemical-mechanical polishing. The head features an arrangement of patterned active actuators and load cells above the wafer to fully control the wafer surface profile changes and provide endpoint detection during the polishing processes. Each active actuator applies pressure according to the local coated thin film thickness on the wafer and relative velocity between the wafer and polishing pad. The load cell senses the actual force pressing on the wafer and feeds the information back to the actuator to adjust the force to a preset value, The planar endpoint is detected by sensing a change in friction force between different thin film material on the wafer. The change in friction force is detected by the load cell and a signal is produced to adjust or stop the process.