Abstract: Modified neurotoxins that contain protease cleavage sites susceptible uniquely to proteases present in certain tissues are described. The toxins can be selectively activated by proteases in muscle or selectively inactivated by proteases in blood.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of determining the proximity, or changes in the proximity of two or more molecular features labeled with fluorophores able to undergo DARET. In preferred embodiments the change in proximity of molecular features in a sample is correlated with changes in the fluorescence polarization of the sample, and may be monitored in real time.

Abstract: Methods for treating a non-spasm caused pain by peripheral administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: Clostridial toxin substrates comprising a lanthanide donor complex, an acceptor, and a Clostridial toxin recognition sequence including a cleavage site; methods for determining the activity of a Clostridial toxin from a test sample using such Clostridial toxin substrates; cell compositions comprising such Clostridial toxin substrates and a Clostridial toxin receptor; and methods for determining the activity of a Clostridial toxin from a test sample using such cell compositions.

Abstract: Methods for treating a non-spasm caused pain by peripheral administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to economically produce a resin composition pellet with the degradation of resin suppressed, by using an ordinary extruder, the resin composition pellet being filled with a desired filling amount of a uniformly compounded fibrous filler, and having a required weight average fiber length, in particular, to produce a resin composition pellet used for a socket of a planar socket pin in which the pitch interval of a lattice area of a semiconductor device is 2.0 mm or less, the thickness of the lattice area is 0.5 mm or less, and the height of the socket is 5.0 mm or less.

Abstract: Methods for treating an injured muscle by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to promote healing and/or to reduce the pain associated with an injured muscle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of determining clostridial toxin activity by (a) contacting with a sample a cell containing a clostridial toxin substrate that includes a donor fluorophore; an acceptor having an absorbance spectrum overlapping the emission spectrum of the donor fluorophore; and a clostridial toxin recognition sequence containing a cleavage site that intervenes between the donor fluorophore and the acceptor, where resonance energy transfer is exhibited between the donor fluorophore and the acceptor under the appropriate conditions; (b) exciting the donor fluorophore; and (c) determining resonance energy transfer of the contacted cell relative to a control cell, where a difference in resonance energy transfer of the contacted cell as compared to the control cell is indicative of clostridial toxin activity.

Abstract: Agents for treating pain and for treating hyperhidrosis are disclosed. The agent comprises a light chain of a botulinum toxin or a fragment thereof and an alpha-2 adregenergic receptor pan agonist.

Abstract: Methods for treating a trigeminal neuralgia by peripheral administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: Methods for treating a non-spasm caused pain by peripheral administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: Methods for treating a non-spasm caused pain by peripheral administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of modulating the degradation rate of a toxin in a cell, thereby modulating the half-life of the toxin. Particularly, the invention features methods of modulating the degradation rate of a toxin by modulating fusion between a lysosome and an endosome that carries the toxin in the cell.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to multivalent Clostridial neurotoxin derivatives having more than one binding domain directed to a cell surface feature of a target cell. Such modified neurotoxins are useful as therapeutic compositions to prevent exocytosis and secretion by the target cell. Conditions in which such compositions man be useful include, without limitation, disorders of the sensory or motor nervous system, acute or chronic pain, cancer, pancreatitis, hyperhydrosis, glandular disorders, viral infections, cystic fibrosis and the like. The invention is also directed to methods of using and administering such a composition, and methods of treating a given condition using such a composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nucleic acid molecule which contains a nucleotide sequence encoding a SNAP-25 substrate which includes (i) a green fluorescent protein; (ii) a first partner of an affinity couple; and (iii) a portion of SNAP-25 that includes a BoNT/A, BoNT/C1 or BoNT/E recognition sequence containing a cleavage site, where the cleavage site intervenes between the green fluorescent protein and the first partner of the affinity couple. Further provided herein is a nucleic acid molecule which contains a nucleotide sequence encoding a tagged toxin substrate which includes (i) a fluorescent protein; (ii) a first partner of an affinity couple; and (iii) a clostridial toxin recognition sequence containing a cleavage site, where the cleavage site intervenes between the fluorescent protein and the first partner of the affinity couple.

Abstract: The present invention provides a clostridial toxin substrate that contains (a) a lanthanide donor complex; (b) an acceptor having an absorbance spectrum overlapping the emission spectrum of the lanthanide donor complex; and (c) a clostridial toxin recognition sequence containing a cleavage site that intervenes between the lanthanide donor complex and the acceptor, where, under the appropriate conditions, resonance energy transfer is exhibited between the lanthanide donor complex and the acceptor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of determining the presence or activity of a clostridial toxin by (a) treating with a sample, under conditions suitable for clostridial toxin protease activity, a clostridial toxin substrate which includes a fluorophore; a bulking group; and a clostridial toxin recognition sequence containing a cleavage site that intervenes between the fluorophore and the bulking group; (b) exciting the fluorophore with plane polarized light; and (c) determining fluorescence polarization of the treated substrate relative to a control substrate, where a change in fluorescence polarization of the treated substrate as compared to fluorescence polarization of the control substrate is indicative of the presence or activity of the clostridial toxin.

Abstract: Methods for treating a non-spasm caused pain by peripheral administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: Methods for treating a non-spasm caused pain by peripheral administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound comprising a toxin linked to a translocator. Non-limiting examples of toxins of the present invention are botulimum toxin, butyricum toxin, tetani toxins and the light chains thereof. In some embodiments, the translocator of the present invention comprises a protein transduction domain.