Abstract: A semiconductor stack includes a semiconductor DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector) formed on a substrate, and a resonator formed on the semiconductor DBR laminating wide-band semiconductor layers and active layers alternately. Each of the active layers includes MQWs (Multiple Quantum Wells) and two spacer layers formed one on each surface of the MQWs. The MQWs are formed by laminating barrier layers and quantum well layers alternately. There are n layers of the wide-band semiconductor layer formed, and a band gap Egm of an m-th wide-band semiconductor layer counting from the substrate and a band gap Egm-1 of an m?1-th wide-band semiconductor layer counting from the substrate satisfy Egm-1<Egm where n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and 1<m?n.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array, wherein a plurality of straight lines drawn perpendicularly to a straight line extending in a first direction from respective centers of the plurality of surface emission laser diode elements aligned in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, are formed with generally equal interval in the first direction, the plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements are aligned in the first direction with an interval set to a reference value, and wherein the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the first direction is smaller than the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the second direction.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array, wherein a plurality of straight lines drawn perpendicularly to a straight line extending in a first direction from respective centers of the plurality of surface emission laser diode elements aligned in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, are formed with generally equal interval in the first direction, the plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements are aligned in the first direction with an interval set to a reference value, and wherein the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the first direction is smaller than the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the second direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor stack includes a semiconductor DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector) formed on a substrate, and a resonator formed on the semiconductor DBR laminating wide-band semiconductor layers and active layers alternately. Each of the active layers includes MQWs (Multiple Quantum Wells) and two spacer layers formed one on each surface of the MQWs. The MQWs are formed by laminating barrier layers and quantum well layers alternately. There are n layers of the wide-band semiconductor layer formed, and a band gap Egm of an m-th wide-band semiconductor layer counting from the substrate and a band gap Egm-1 of an m?1-th wide-band semiconductor layer counting from the substrate satisfy Egm-1<Egm where n and m are integers greater than or equal to 2, and 1<m?n.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array including a plurality of columns of the surface-emission laser diode elements, each column including therein at least two surface-emission laser diode elements in a first direction. The surface-emission laser diode elements in a column are disposed with an equal interval in the first direction. The plural columns arc disposed in a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction. An interval between two adjacent columns is larger in a central part than in a peripheral part of the two-dimensional array of the surface-emission laser diode elements in the second direction.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array, wherein a plurality of straight lines drawn perpendicularly to a straight line extending in a first direction from respective centers of the plurality of surface emission laser diode elements aligned in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, are formed with generally equal interval in the first direction, the plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements are aligned in the first direction with an interval set to a reference value, and wherein the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the first direction is smaller than the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the second direction.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array, wherein a plurality of straight lines drawn perpendicularly to a straight line extending in a first direction from respective centers of the plurality of surface emission laser diode elements aligned in a second direction crossing the first direction, are formed with generally equal interval in the first direction.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) includes a semiconductor substrate, a lower reflecting mirror formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a mesa structure. The mesa structure includes an active layer, a selective oxidization layer that includes a current confined structure, and an upper reflecting mirror. A lower electrode is connected to the semiconductor substrate, and an upper electrode is connected to the upper reflecting mirror. The VCSEL emits laser light perpendicularly to the plane of the semiconductor substrate when an electric current flows between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The semiconductor substrate is inclined with respect to (100) plane. The active layer includes a quantum well layer having a compressive strain with respect to the substrate, and a spacer layer. The spacer layer has either a compressive strain or a tensile strain with respect to the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a body fluid suction reservoir including a flexible bag, two plates for supporting the bag, and a spring put between the two plates. The body fluid suction reservoir further includes a lock having a hook and a release part and consisting of a member different from the two plates, by which lock the spring is held in a state compressed between the two plates, and the held state is releasable. The lock has flexibility and is held by one of the plates so as to be deformable from a first state in which the hook is engaged with the other plate to a second state in which the hook is not engaged, and the lock is urged to take the first state.

Abstract: A surface-emitting laser device is disclosed that includes a substrate connected to a heat sink; a first reflective layer formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector on the substrate; a first cavity spacer layer formed in contact with the first reflective layer; an active layer formed in contact with the first cavity spacer layer; a second cavity spacer layer formed in contact with the active layer; and a second reflective layer formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector in contact with the second cavity spacer layer. The first cavity spacer layer includes a semiconductor material having a thermal conductivity greater than the thermal conductivity of a semiconductor material forming the second cavity spacer layer.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array, wherein a plurality of straight lines drawn perpendicularly to a straight line extending in a first direction from respective centers of the plurality of surface emission laser diode elements aligned in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, are formed with generally equal interval in the first direction, the plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements are aligned in the first direction with an interval set to a reference value, and wherein the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the first direction is smaller than the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the second direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a body fluid suction reservoir including a flexible bag, two plates for supporting the bag, and a spring put between the two plates. The body fluid suction reservoir further includes a lock having a hook and a release part and consisting of a member different from the two plates, by which lock the spring is held in a state compressed between the two plates, and the held state is releasable. The lock has flexibility and is held by one of the plates so as to be deformable from a first state in which the hook is engaged with the other plate to a second state in which the hook is not engaged, and the lock is urged to take the first state.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) includes a semiconductor substrate, a lower reflecting mirror formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a mesa structure. The mesa structure includes an active layer, a selective oxidization layer that includes a current confined structure, and an upper reflecting mirror. A lower electrode is connected to the semiconductor substrate, and an upper electrode is connected to the upper reflecting mirror. The VCSEL emits laser light perpendicularly to the plane of the semiconductor substrate when an electric current flows between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The semiconductor substrate is inclined with respect to (100) plane. The active layer includes a quantum well layer having a compressive strain with respect to the substrate, and a spacer layer. The spacer layer has either a compressive strain or a tensile strain with respect to the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a body fluid suction reservoir including a flexible bag, two plates for supporting the bag, and a spring put between the two plates. The body fluid suction reservoir further includes a lock having a hook and a release part and consisting of a member different from the two plates, by which lock the spring is held in a state compressed between the two plates, and the held state is releasable. The lock has flexibility and is held by one of the plates so as to be deformable from a first state in which the hook is engaged with the other plate to a second state in which the hook is not engaged, and the lock is urged to take the first state.

Abstract: A surface-emitting laser device is disclosed that includes a substrate connected to a heat sink; a first reflective layer formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector on the substrate; a first cavity spacer layer formed in contact with the first reflective layer; an active layer formed in contact with the first cavity spacer layer; a second cavity spacer layer formed in contact with the active layer; and a second reflective layer formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector in contact with the second cavity spacer layer. The first cavity spacer layer includes a semiconductor material having a thermal conductivity greater than the thermal conductivity of a semiconductor material forming the second cavity spacer layer.

Abstract: There is provided a surgical treatment instrument in which the mode can be easily switched between a treatment under a pneumoperitoneum condition and a treatment outside the peritoneal cavity, and forceps can be manipulated under the pneumoperitoneum condition, and when taking out a cancer-affected part, an incision in the abdominal wall is protected, and the incision is free from infection. The surgical treatment instrument includes a tubular portion which has a first fixing member provided at a near end-side open portion thereof, and also has a second fixing member provided at a remote end-side open portion thereof. At least two tension belts are mounted on the second fixing member, and fixing means for adjusting the length of the tension belts to position the first fixing member is provided at the first fixing member.

Abstract: A light-heat conversion in a light-stimulated writing method and associated apparatus include an image recording body having an element, which absorbs an (electromagnetic wave) provided in a surface of a recording body, or in a recording layer formed on an uppermost layer of the recording body having a material exhibiting a thermal changeable character of wettabilty, or in a substrate or an intermediate layer of the recording body. After a liquid is disposed on the recording body by a liquid forming device, light-stimulated writing is carried out, resulting on an enhanced efficiency of light-heat conversion by a light absorbing element.

Abstract: In order to provide a body fluid suction reservoir which has advantages that it is not bulky when set to a patient and that it is superior in portability, and in which a lock is not easily released by external force in a packaged or baled state in transit or storage, the present invention provides a body fluid suction reservoir including a flexible bag, two plates for supporting the bag, and a spring put between the two plates, wherein the body fluid suction reservoir further includes a lock having a hook and a release part and consisting of a member different from the two plate, by which lock the spring is held in a state compressed between the two plates, and the held state is releasable. Preferably, the lock has flexibility, and is held by one of the plates so as to be deformable from a first state in which the hook is engaged with the other plate to a second state in which the hook is not engaged, and the lock is urged to take the first state.

Abstract: There is provided improvement of a light-heat conversion in a light-stimulated writing method. An image recording body includes an element, which absorbs light (electromagnetic wave), provided in a surface of a recording body 10, or in a recording layer formed on uppermost layer of the recording body having a material exhibiting thermal changeable character of wettabilty, or in a substrate or an intermediate layer of the recording body. After a liquid is on the recording body 10 by a liquid forming means 3, light-stimulated writing is carried out. When the light-stimulated writing is carried out with light (electromagnetic wave) from a light (electromagnetic wave) source according to image information, an efficiency of light-heat conversion can be enhanced by a light (electromagnetic wave)—absorbing element.