Abstract: A display processing unit causes a display device to display an endoscopic image of a living tissue in a somatic cavity captured by an endoscope. An operation reception unit receives a user operation that is performed so as to set an area of interest in the endoscopic image. An area-of-interest setting unit sets the area of interest in the endoscopic image based on the user operation. A three-dimensional information acquisition unit acquires three-dimensional shape information of the living tissue captured by the endoscope. A virtual surface derivation unit derives three-dimensional shape information of a virtual surface in the area of interest from three-dimensional shape information of an area different from the area of interest. A size information identification unit identifies information concerning a size of the virtual surface from the three-dimensional shape information of the virtual surface.

Abstract: A living tissue sampling method includes inserting an endoscope inserted into a guide sheath into a body cavity of a subject, checking three-dimensional image information of a body cavity path against distal end position data of the endoscope, bringing distal ends of the endoscope and the guide sheath close to a focused region, removing the endoscope from the guide sheath while keeping the guide sheath stationed inside the body cavity, inserting a biopsy instrument into the guide sheath, and sampling living tissue of the focused region by the biopsy instrument.

Abstract: An imaging system includes: an imaging optical system; an imaging element having a two-dimensional pixel array; a drive unit that drives at least one of a focus lens and the imaging element; an IPSF selection unit that selects an IPSF that is used for image generation from among a plurality of IPSFs stored in an IPSF storage unit; and an image generator that generates an image using the selected IPSF.

Abstract: An illumination unit emits an illumination light to a specimen. An image sensor includes multiple pixels arranged in a two-dimensional manner. The image sensor captures an image of the intensity distribution of an interference pattern formed due to the illumination light that has interacted with the specimen, and outputs image data. A defect information acquisition unit acquires defect position information that indicates the positions of defective pixels of the image sensor. A processing unit reconstructs a subject image that represents the specimen based on the image data and the defect position information.

Abstract: An imaging system includes: an imaging optical system; an imaging element having a two-dimensional pixel array; a drive unit that drives at least one of a focus lens and the imaging element; an IPSF selection unit that selects an IPSF that is used for image generation from among a plurality of IPSFs stored in an IPSF storage unit; and an image generator that generates an image using the selected IPSF.

Abstract: A lens system is configured to form an image of an object on an imaging surface of an image sensor. A branching optical system is configured such that an image-forming light flux in the lens system is split and propagated into a plurality of optical paths having different optical path lengths and such that the principal rays of a plurality of image-forming light fluxes obtained after the splitting are incident on a predetermined region of the image sensor.

Abstract: A digital holographic image-taking apparatus includes an illumination portion having a light emission surface for emitting illumination light toward an object, the illumination light having a specific wavelength in a coherent plane waveform; and an image sensor having an pixel array including two-dimensionally arranged pixels, the image sensor capturing an interference pattern generated based on the illumination light having acted on the object, in which the following conditional expression is satisfied: 0.0000001<Z2/S<16, where S represents the area of the light emission surface, and Z represents the distance from the light emission surface to the pixel array.

Abstract: An illumination unit emits an illumination light to a specimen. An image sensor includes multiple pixels arranged in a two-dimensional manner. The image sensor captures an image of the intensity distribution of an interference pattern formed due to the illumination light that has interacted with the specimen, and outputs image data. A defect information acquisition unit acquires defect position information that indicates the positions of defective pixels of the image sensor. A processing unit reconstructs a subject image that represents the specimen based on the image data and the defect position information.

Abstract: Provided is a digital holographic image-taking apparatus, including: an illumination portion (10) having a light emission surface (14D) for emitting illumination light toward an object (1), the illumination light having a specific wavelength in a coherent plane waveform; and an image sensor (50) having an pixel array (51) including two-dimensionally arranged pixels, the image sensor (50) capturing an interference pattern generated based on the illumination light having acted on the object (1), in which the following conditional expression is satisfied: 0.0000001<Z2/S<16, where S represents the area of the light emission surface (14D), and Z represents the distance from the light emission surface (14D) to the pixel array (51).

Abstract: Provided are an illumination apparatus that allows a reduction in thickness and a display apparatus that uses the illumination apparatus. The illumination apparatus includes a laminated illumination portion formed by layering illumination portions that each emit illumination light as a plane wave with a different wavelength. The illumination portions include light sources that emit light of a predetermined wavelength, optical waveguides that propagate the light emitted from the light sources, and gratings that diffract the light propagating through the optical waveguides and emit the light as the illumination light.

Abstract: A focus adjustment device comprises an image sensor having imaging pixels and focus detection pixels, which subjects light flux that is passed through a photographing lens to photoelectric conversion and outputs an image signal, a first memory which stores information relating to incident angle range of light flux that is incident towards the image sensor, a second memory which stores information relating to characteristics of the image sensor, and a calculation section which calculates information for focus adjustment based on output of the first memory and output of the second memory.

Abstract: A photographing apparatus has a body portion to which a lens portion is mountable and to which an image forming luminous flux is conducted from the lens portion, and the photographing apparatus includes an image pickup device having pixels for image pickup and pixels for focus detection, a storage section that retains information of sensitivity characteristics of the pixels for focus detection, and a control amount calculation section that obtains information about an incident angle and an angular range of the image forming luminous flux from the lens portion and calculates information for focus control based on the obtained information and information read from the storage section. The focus control of high precision is enabled with simple configuration, irrespective of a lens system.

Abstract: A focus adjustment device comprises an image sensor having imaging pixels and focus detection pixels, which subjects light flux that is passed through a photographing lens to photoelectric conversion and outputs an image signal, a first memory which stores information relating to incident angle range of light flux that is incident towards the image sensor, a second memory which stores information relating to characteristics of the image sensor, and a calculation section which calculates information for focus adjustment based on output of the first memory and output of the second memory.

Abstract: Provided are a variable power optical system in which the value of the entire length with respect to the image height is reduced and the aberration is well corrected, and an image pickup device comprising the same. Specifically provided is a variable power optical system comprising, in order from the object side, at least a first lens group having negative refractive power, a variable power group having positive refractive power, and a final lens group having positive refractive power, wherein the variable power group is provided with, in order from the object side, a first lens element having positive refractive power, a second lens element, and a third lens element, the second lens element has a convex shape on the object side, and the final lens group comprises a positive lens, the variable power optical system satisfying the following conditional expression: 10?VdLg?45 ?1.0<(R2a?R2b)/(R2a+R2b)<1.

Abstract: A photographing apparatus has a body portion to which a lens portion is mountable and to which an image forming luminous flux is conducted from the lens portion, and the photographing apparatus includes an image pickup device having pixels for image pickup and pixels for focus detection, a storage section that retains information of sensitivity characteristics of the pixels for focus detection, and a control amount calculation section that obtains information about an incident angle and an angular range of the image forming luminous flux from the lens portion and calculates information for focus control based on the obtained information and information read from the storage section. The focus control of high precision is enabled with simple configuration, irrespective of a lens system.

Abstract: Provided are a variable power optical system in which the value of the entire length with respect to the image height is reduced and the aberration is well corrected, and an image pickup device comprising the same. Specifically provided is a variable power optical system comprising, in order from the object side, at least a first lens group having negative refractive power, a variable power group having positive refractive power, and a final lens group having positive refractive power, wherein the variable power group is provided with, in order from the object side, a first lens element having positive refractive power, a second lens element, and a third lens element, the second lens element has a convex shape on the object side, and the final lens group comprises a positive lens, the variable power optical system satisfying the following conditional expression: 10?VdLg?45 ?1.0<(R2a?R2b)/(R2a+R2b)<1.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus of the invention includes: an optical imaging system; an image pickup device; a defocus quantity calculation section for calculating a defocus quantity based on a phase difference between signals for focus detection obtained from pixels for focus detection; a high-frequency component quantity detection section for detecting a quantity of high-frequency component contained in a pixel signal outputted from a pixel other than the pixels for focus detection; a region determination section for determining in accordance with which of the defocus quantity and the high-frequency component quantity the optical imaging system is to be driven, according to a detection result of detecting in which of a plurality of divided blocks of the image pickup device an object of interest is present; and a focusing section for driving the optical imaging system in accordance with a determination result of the region determination section.

Abstract: Provided are a variable power optical system in which the value of the entire length with respect to the image height is reduced and the aberration is well corrected, and an image pickup device comprising the same. Specifically provided is a variable power optical system comprising, in order from the object side, at least a first lens group having negative refractive power, a variable power group having positive refractive power, and a final lens group having positive refractive power, wherein the variable power group is provided with, in order from the object side, a first lens element having positive refractive power, a second lens element, and a third lens element, the second lens element has a convex shape on the object side, and the final lens group comprises a positive lens, the variable power optical system satisfying the following conditional expression: 10?VdLg?45 ?1.0<(R2a?R2b)/(R2a+R2b)<1.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus, includes a computing section which computes a defocus amount which has been estimated, a calculating section which calculates an accuracy of defocus detection, a setting section which sets a correction value from a result of the calculating section, a correcting section which corrects the correction value obtained from the result of the setting section, to reduce an absolute value of the defocus amount which has been estimated, a lens-drive amount calculating section which calculates a lens-drive amount based on a result from the correcting section, and a control section which, at the time of video photography, carries out focusing successively by using the defocus amount and the lens drive amount obtained from the computing section, the calculating section, the setting section, and the correcting section.

Abstract: The image pickup apparatus of the present invention includes: an optical imaging system for forming an object image; an image pickup device including a plurality of pixels that photoelectrically converts the object image; a defocus quantity calculation section for calculating a defocus quantity based on a phase difference between a plurality of signals for focus detection obtained from a plurality of pixels for focus detection that respectively receive a light flux that passes through a different pupil region of the optical imaging system; a focusing section for driving the optical imaging system so as to achieve an in-focus state, in accordance with the defocus quantity calculated at the defocus quantity calculation section; an addition practicability determination section for determining a practicability of performing inter-frame addition on a plurality of signals for focus detection before calculating the defocus quantity, based on an analysis result of a signal component of the object image; and an inter-