Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element, which has a light emitting efficiency improved by suppressing the deterioration of storage property under a high temperature-high humidity atmosphere due to the recess-projection state of a surface of a gas barrier layer or a light scattering layer, or the like that is in contact with a light emitting unit, and by suppressing the occurrence of a short-circuit. The organic electroluminescent elements 100 and 400 in the present invention are each characterized by including a film substrate 4, and at least, a gas barrier layer 5, a smooth layer 1, and a light emitting unit 3 that is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes 2, 6 and has an organic functional layer, which are stacked in this order on the film substrate, wherein the gas barrier layer 5 is constituted by at least two kinds of gas barrier layers 5 that are different from each other in the composition or distribution state of the constitutional elements.

Abstract: In an organic EL panel inspection method, to determine whether an organic EL panel is good or bad, a plurality of voltages having different values are sequentially applied to the organic EL panel, thereby measuring the respective currents. According to the currents, the following three criteria are checked: criterion (1), whether or not a spike current is present in the measured currents, criterion (2), between when the plurality of voltages are sequentially applied from one direction to the other direction of the voltage and when the plurality of voltages are sequentially applied from the other direction to the one direction, whether or not currents having different current densities occur at the same voltage, and criterion (3), the absolute value of the current density of current flowing when a predetermined voltage in the reverse direction is applied to the organic EL panel.

Abstract: An axle bearing system includes a bearing portion which includes an inner ring, an outer ring and a plurality of rolling elements which are interposed between the inner ring and the outer ring and which is installed on a hub shaft with seal portions which are each formed by a slinger, a core metal and a non-conductive seal provided therebetween mounted in annular opening portions formed between the inner ring and the outer ring. A conductive body is attached to the seal portion so as to provide an electrical conducting state between the outer ring and the inner ring.

Abstract: Provided is a bottom emission type organic EL panel capable of preventing or delaying loss of light emission from an end portion of the light emission area and reduction of the light emission area in an organic EL element. This organic electro luminescence panel includes an organic electro luminescence element having at least one organic layer between an anode and a cathode arranged on a substrate. This panel has a main light emission area emitting light with a high luminance and a non-light emission area or a low light emission area emitting light with a lower luminance than the main light emission area, arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area. By limiting the main light emission area to a smaller size than the cathode forming area, the end portion of the cathode forming area is arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area.

Abstract: Provided is a bottom emission type organic EL panel capable of preventing or delaying loss of light emission from an end portion of the light emission area and reduction of the light emission area in an organic EL element. This organic electro luminescence panel includes an organic electro luminescence element having at least one organic layer between an anode and a cathode arranged on a substrate. This panel has a main light emission area emitting light with a high luminance and a non-light emission area or a low light emission area emitting light with a lower luminance than the main light emission area, arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area. By limiting the main light emission area to a smaller size than the cathode forming area, the end portion of the cathode forming area is arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area.

Abstract: The method for driving a light-emitting panel provides a method for driving a light-emitting panel such that, even if there is a defect at a certain place of the light-emitting surface, the whole surface is not turned off and the function as a lighting apparatus or a backlight of or the electronic information device can be maintained by means that only one area including the defect is turned off and the other areas are turned on. The method for driving a light-emitting panel is characterized in that the light-emitting surface is divided into a plurality of areas and each of the areas emits light by time sharing.

Abstract: An inner ring, an outer ring, a circular cone roller constituting a rolling elements arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, a first seal member arranged at an opening portion between the inner ring and the outer ring, and a second seal member arranged on an outer side in an axial direction of the first seal member are provided, the second seal member includes a core fixed to the outer ring, an elastic ring-like member fixedly attached to the core and having at least one lip, and an outward attached slinger having a section in a channel-like shape fixed to the inner ring to cover the core and the elastic ring-like member and having a portion of a section in an L-like shape and a circular cylinder shape portion.

Abstract: In an organic EL panel inspection method, to determine whether an organic EL panel is good or bad, a plurality of voltages having different values are sequentially applied to the organic EL panel, thereby measuring the respective currents. According to the currents, the following three criteria are checked: criterion (1), whether or not a spike current is present in the measured currents, criterion (2), between when the plurality of voltages are sequentially applied from one direction to the other direction of the voltage and when the plurality of voltages are sequentially applied from the other direction to the one direction, whether or not currents having different current densities occur at the same voltage, and criterion (3), the absolute value of the current density of current flowing when a predetermined voltage in the reverse direction is applied to the organic EL panel.

Abstract: Provided is a bottom emission type organic EL panel capable of preventing or delaying loss of light emission from an end portion of the light emission area and reduction of the light emission area in an organic EL element. This organic electro luminescence panel includes an organic electro luminescence element having at least one organic layer between an anode and a cathode arranged on a substrate. This panel has a main light emission area emitting light with a high luminance and a non-light emission area or a low light emission area emitting light with a lower luminance than the main light emission area, arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area. By limiting the main light emission area to a smaller size than the cathode forming area, the end portion of the cathode forming area is arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area.

Abstract: Provided is a bottom emission type organic EL panel capable of preventing or delaying loss of light emission from an end portion of the light emission area and reduction of the light emission area in an organic EL element. This organic electro luminescence panel includes an organic electro luminescence element having at least one organic layer between an anode and a cathode arranged on a substrate. This panel has a main light emission area emitting light with a high luminance and a non-light emission area or a low light emission area emitting light with a lower luminance than the main light emission area, arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area. By limiting the main light emission area to a smaller size than the cathode forming area, the end portion of the cathode forming area is arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area.

Abstract: An axle bearing assembly includes a flange, on which a wheel is mounted; a hub shaft constructed of a cylindrical portion provided on an inboard side of the flange; a bearing having an inner ring; an outer ring; and rolling elements disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring; a first sealing member fixed to an inboard side between the inner ring and the outer ring; and a removable second sealing member is fitted to the inboard side of the first sealing member. The inner ring of the bearing portion is fixed to the cylindrical portion of the hub shaft.

Abstract: Provided is a bottom emission type organic EL panel capable of preventing or delaying loss of light emission from an end portion of the light emission area and reduction of the light emission area in an organic EL element. This organic electro luminescence panel includes an organic electro luminescence element having at least one organic layer between an anode and a cathode arranged on a substrate. This panel has a main light emission area emitting light with a high luminance and a non-light emission area or a low light emission area emitting light with a lower luminance than the main light emission area, arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area. By limiting the main light emission area to a smaller size than the cathode forming area, the end portion of the cathode forming area is arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area.

Abstract: An axle bearing system is provided in which even in the event that a sufficient space is not present between a bearing portion in which a fluorine seal is used in a seal portion and a hub shaft, it is possible to establish an electric conduction between an outer ring and an inner ring in an ensured fashion. There is provided an axle bearing system having a bearing portion which includes an inner ring 11, an outer ring 12 and a plurality of rolling elements 13 which are interposed between the inner ring 11 and the outer ring 12 and which is installed on a hub shaft 2 with seal portions 20a, 20b which are each formed by a slinger, a core metal and a non-conductive seal provided therebetween mounted in annular opening portions formed between the inner ring 11 and the outer ring 12, wherein a conductive body 24 is provided in the seal portion 20b so as to provide an electrical conducting state between the outer ring 12 and the inner ring 11.

Abstract: Provided is a bottom emission type organic EL panel capable of preventing or delaying loss of light emission from an end portion of the light emission area and reduction of the light emission area in an organic EL element. This organic electro luminescence panel includes an organic electro luminescence element having at least one organic layer between an anode and a cathode arranged on a substrate. This panel has a main light emission area emitting light with a high luminance and a non-light emission area or a low light emission area emitting light with a lower luminance than the main light emission area, arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area. By limiting the main light emission area to a smaller size than the cathode forming area, the end portion of the cathode forming area is arranged outside the end portion of the main light emission area.

Abstract: An inner ring, an outer ring, a circular cone roller constituting a rolling elements arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, a first seal member arranged at an opening portion between the inner ring and the outer ring, and a second seal member arranged on an outer side in an axial direction of the first seal member are provided, the second seal member includes a core fixed to the outer ring, an elastic ring-like member fixedly attached to the core and having at least one lip, and an outward attached slinger having a section in a channel-like shape fixed to the inner ring to cover the core and the elastic ring-like member and having a portion of a section in an L-like shape and a circular cylinder shape portion.

Abstract: The method for driving a light-emitting panel provides a method for driving a light-emitting panel such that, even if there is a defect at a certain place of the light-emitting surface, the whole surface is not turned off and the function as a lighting apparatus or a backlight of or the electronic information device can be maintained by means that only one area including the defect is turned off and the other areas are turned on. The method for driving a light-emitting panel is characterized in that the light-emitting surface is divided into a plurality of areas and each of the areas emits light by time sharing.

Abstract: An axle bearing assembly includes a flange, on which a wheel is mounted; a hub shaft constructed of a cylindrical portion provided on an inboard side of the flange; a bearing having an inner ring; an outer ring; and rolling elements disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring; a first sealing member fixed to an inboard side between the inner ring and the outer ring; and a removable second sealing member is fitted to the inboard side of the first sealing member. The inner ring of the bearing portion is fixed to the cylindrical portion of the hub shaft.

Abstract: A redundancy method in a network including an upper switch apparatus, middle switch apparatuses connected to the upper switch apparatuses via transmission lines and lower switch apparatuses each being connected to the middle switch apparatuses via transmission lines is provided. In the redundancy method, the upper switch apparatus has link aggregation setting for the transmission lines connected to the middle switch apparatuses, and each lower switch apparatus has link aggregation setting for the transmission lines connected to the middle switch apparatuses, and the upper switch apparatus and one of the lower switch apparatuses switches a traffic route from a transmission line that is failed and that is connected to one of the middle switches to another transmission line for which link aggregation is set with respect to the failed transmission line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus which have a circular polarizer and a liquid crystal display in a stack. The liquid crystal display has a chilral nematic liquid crystal layer between substrates, and on the mutually opposite sides of the substrates, electrodes and aligning layers are formed. The liquid crystal switches between a planar alignment state and a focal-conic alignment state depending on the voltage applied thereto through the electrodes. In a planar state, light reflected by the electrodes is absorbed by the circular polarizer, and a black display is made. In a focal-conic state, light reflected by the electrodes passes through the circular polarizer, and a white display is made.

Abstract: Either an inner ring or an outer ring is formed to protrude in the direction of the rotation axis more than the other of outer ring or inner ring. For example, the bearing 12 is supported by the bearing housing 11a on the outer peripheral face 12b of the outer ring, and rotatably supports the hub 31a on the inner peripheral face 12a of the inner ring. In this bearing 12, the inner ring is formed to be longer and protrude further than the outer ring in the direction of the rotation axis, and an engagement/support face 12c for enagageably supporting the drive sprocket 92 is formed on the outer periphery of the inner ring formed to protrude as described above. The drive sprocket 92 is able to secure the coaxiality thereof by the engagement with the engagement/support face 12c, and receive the transmittance of rotating torque by engaging with the hub-side spline 31c on the spline 92c.