Abstract: Addition compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, benzyloxycarbonyl group which can have nuclear substituents or benzoyl, aromatic sulfonyl or aromatic sulfinyl group; R.sub.2 represents methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isoamyl or benzyl group; R.sub.3 represents a lower alkoxyl, benzyloxy or benzhydryloxy group and n represents 1 or 2.The addition compounds are produced by reacting an N-substituted monoaminodicarboxylic acid having the formula ##STR2## with an amino carboxlic acid ester having the formula in an aqueous medium in the presence of a protease and reacting the resulting dipeptide ester with the amino carboxylic acid ester and separating the addition compound.The addition compounds can be decomposed into the constituent dipeptide esters and amino acid esters by the action of an acid.

Abstract: A method for purifying an .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L- phenylalanine lower alkyl ester containing impurities. The .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine lower alkyl ester is brought into contact with a Cl-type anion exchange resin in an aqueous medium to have the impurities adsorbed by the anion exchange resin. The impurities contained in the .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine lower ester, particularly diketopiperazine and .alpha.-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine are selectively and easily removed. The desired matter thus can be easily recovered and disposal of waste liquid, etc. can also be carried out without difficulty.

Abstract: A process for brominating m-phenoxytoluene with a polyhaloethane having the formula ##STR1## wherein W and Z respectively represent Cl or Br and X and Y respectively represent Cl, Br or H in a liquid phase.

Abstract: An improvement in a method for manufacturing dipeptides from an N-substituted aspartic acid and a phenylalanine lower alkyl ester. The two starting materials are allowed to react with each other in the presence of an immobilized metallo-proteinase in an organic solvent immiscible with water. The enzyme can be recovered for reuse thereof. The loss of materials due to the hydrolysis of the phenylalanine lower alkyl ester is reduced, so that use of the phenylalanine lower alkyl ester in a nearly stoichiometric quantity suffices for the reaction to ensure an improved yield and reduction in cost of industrial production.

Abstract: Addition compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, benzyloxycarbonyl group which can have nuclear substituents, or benzoyl, aromatic sulfonyl or aromatic sulfinyl group; R.sub.2 represents methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isoamyl or benzyl group; R.sub.3 represents a lower alkoxyl, benzyloxy or benzhydryloxy group and n represents 1 or 2 are produced by reacting an N-substituted monoaminodicarboxylic acid having the formula ##STR2## with an amino carboxylic acid ester having the formula ##STR3## in the presence of a protease.

Abstract: Methacrolein is produced by a vapor phase oxidation of isobutylene or tertiary butanol in the presence of a complex oxide catalyst having the formulaMo.sub.a Co.sub.b Fe.sub.c Bi.sub.d Tl.sub.e X.sub.f Y.sub.g Z.sub.h O.sub.iwherein X represents V and/or Nb; Y represents La and/or Ce; and Z represents Cs and/or Te and a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and i represent atomic ratios wherein a=12; b=3 to 15; c=0.4 to 5; d=0.4 to 5; e=0.01 to 2; f=0.01 to 2; g=0 to 2; h=0 to 2; and i is determined by the valences of the non-oxygen components of the catalyst and is usually in a range of 40 to 79.

Abstract: Methacrylic acid is produced by the vapor phase oxidation of methacrolein in the presence of a complex oxide catalyst having the formula:Mo.sub.a V.sub.b P.sub.c Ce.sub.d Cu.sub.e X.sub.f O.sub.gwherein X represents at least one of the elements selected from the group of Mn, Fe, Co, Sn and Te and a, b, c, d, e, f and g represent atomic ratios wherein a=12; b=0.01 to 2; c=0.1 to 3; d=0.01 to 2; e=0.01 to 2; f=0 to 2 and g is determined by the valences of the non-oxygen components of the catalyst and is usually in a range of 38 to 50. The catalyst can be optionally reduced by subjecting the metal oxide mixture to at least one reducing organic material selected from the group consisting of dibasic carboxylic acids, oxycarboxylic acids, and polyols.

Abstract: Addition compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, benzyloxycarbonyl group which can have nuclear substituents, or benzoyl, aromatic sulfonyl or aromatic sulfinyl group; R.sub.2 represents methyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isoamyl or benzyl group; R.sub.3 represents a lower alkoxyl, benzyloxy or benzhydryloxy group and n represents 1 or 2 together with methods for preparing (I) and for decomposing (I) into the constituent dipeptide esters and amino acid esters.

Abstract: Ammonium p-styrenesulfonate is produced in a process which comprises reacting an amine having more than 7 carbon atoms and a mineral acid with an alkali metal p-styrenesulfonate in an aqueous media to produce an amine salt of p-styrenesulfonic acid and then reacting ammonia with said amine salt.

Abstract: An alkali metal styrenesulfonate is produced by extracting from an aqueous solution by contacting an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal halide and an alkali metal styrenesulfonate with an organic solvent containing a protonic acid salt of an amine of more than 7 carbon atoms as the extracting reagent, and then back-extracting the styrenesulfonic acid anions with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Ammonium p-styrenesulfonate is produced in a process which comprises reacting an amine having more than 7 carbon atoms and a mineral acid with an alkali metal p-styrenesulfonate in an aqueous media to produce an amine salt of p-styrenesulfonic acid and then reacting ammonia with said amine salt.

Abstract: A process for producing an ammonium p-styrenesulfonate or polymer thereof which comprisesReacting an alkali metal p-styrenesulfonate or a polymer thereof with an inorganic ammonium salt in a medium of a hydrophilic alcohol, or a mixture of a hydrophilic organic solvent and water.

Abstract: Conjugated dienes containing a cyano group having the formula ##EQU1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a phenyl group are produced by dehydrating 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-1-olefins in the presence of an alkaline catalyst while continually removing the product being formed from the reaction system.