Abstract: An electric generator 10 of the present invention comprises a permanent magnet 14, a coil 30, a yoke 20, and attracted means 19 composed of a plurality of attracted pieces 18 which are arranged radially around the rotation axis 12 and are magnetized by the permanent magnet 14. The permanent magnet 14, the coil 30, the yoke 20, and the attracted means 19 are mounted on the rotation axis 12 and the attracted pieces 18 that constitute the attracted means 19 are each placed in positions that correspond to positions that bisect the spaces between the metal pieces that constitute the yoke 20, so that the cogging torque exerted the rotation axis 12 is reduced.

Abstract: An electric generator 10 of the present invention comprises a permanent magnet 14, a coil 30, a yoke 20, and attracted means 19 composed of a plurality of attracted pieces 18 which are arranged radially around the rotation axis 12 and are magnetized by the permanent magnet 14. The permanent magnet 14, the coil 30, the yoke 20, and the attracted means 19 are mounted on the rotation axis 12 and the attracted pieces 18 that constitute the attracted means 19 are each placed in positions that correspond to positions that bisect the spaces between the metal pieces that constitute the yoke 20, so that the cogging torque exerted on the rotation axis 12 is reduced.

Abstract: An electric generator 10 of the present invention comprises a permanent magnet 14, a coil 30, a yoke 20, and attracted means 19 composed of a plurality of attracted pieces 18 which are arranged radially around the rotation axis 12 and are magnetized by the permanent magnet 14. The permanent magnet 14, the coil 30, the yoke 20, and the attracted means 19 are mounted on the rotation axis 12 and the attracted pieces 18 that constitute the attracted means 19 are each placed in positions that correspond to positions that bisect the spaces between the metal pieces that constitute the yoke 20, so that the cogging torque exerted the rotation axis 12 is reduced.

Abstract: An electric generator 10 of the present invention comprises a permanent magnet 14, a coil 30, a yoke 20, and attracted means 19 composed of a plurality of attracted pieces 18 which are arranged radially around the rotation axis 12 and are magnetized by the permanent magnet 14. The permanent magnet 14, the coil 30, the yoke 20, and the attracted means 19 are mounted on the rotation axis 12 and the attracted pieces 18 that constitute the attracted means 19 are each placed in positions that correspond to positions that bisect the spaces between the metal pieces that constitute the yoke 20, so that the cogging torque exerted on the rotation axis 12 is reduced.

Abstract: An electric generator 10 of the present invention comprises a permanent magnet 14, a coil 30, a yoke 20, and attracted means 19 composed of a plurality of attracted pieces 18 which are arranged radially around the rotation axis 12 and are magnetized by the permanent magnet 14. The permanent magnet 14, the coil 30, the yoke 20, and the attracted means 19 are mounted on the rotation axis 12 and the attracted pieces 18 that constitute the attracted means 19 are each placed in positions that correspond to positions that bisect the spaces between the metal pieces that constitute the yoke 20, so that the cogging torque exerted on the rotation axis 12 is reduced.

Abstract: A conventional bar code and a method of reading the same are so adapted that rays are irradiated on the bar code formed on a semiconductor wafer, and that reflected rays from the bar code are read out by a bar code reader to sense the bar code so that a misreading rate is increased by means of reflection of the surface of a wafer and due to the surface profile of the bar code. In contrast, according to a bar code and a method of reading the same in accordance with the present invention, the bar code is formed of a film or the like of aluminum or the like on the semiconductor wafer, and infrared rays are irradiated on the bar code, penetrated infrared rays from the semiconductor wafer being read out by the bar code reader so that a bar code reading may be effectively made without being influenced by reflection of the wafer surface and surface profile with a better S/N ratio and at a lower misreading rate.