Abstract: An ink vehicle having a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin produced by suspension polymerization. In the production of the ink vehicle, the vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is partially dissolved in a solvent in a state in which an undissolved gel-like component of the vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is present in the resin. An external force is applied to the solvent containing the gel-like component to dissolve the gel-like component in the solvent.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus is configured to use ink containing volatile components. A recording head has nozzles for discharging the ink and a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the ink in the nozzles. A control portion is configured to control the recording head to perform idle drive operations which causes microvibration of an ink meniscus in each of the nozzles, to perform preliminary discharge operations to discharge the ink from the plurality of nozzles, and to change a number of times of performing the idle drive operations and a number of times of performing the preliminary discharge operations according to the temperature of the ink detected by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: An ink vehicle having a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin produced by suspension polymerization. In the production of the ink vehicle, the vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is partially dissolved in a solvent in a state in which an undissolved gel-like component of the vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is present in the resin. An external force is applied to the solvent containing the gel-like component to dissolve the gel-like component in the solvent.

Abstract: Heretofore, when recording is performed using an ink jet recording apparatus which uses ink containing a volatile component, the temperature of the ink in a recording head may become higher, and the volatile component in the ink in proximity to a nozzle vaporizes to increase the viscosity of the ink, with the result that recording cannot be appropriately performed. Accordingly, an ink jet recording apparatus which uses ink containing a volatile component includes: a recording head including a temperature sensor for detecting temperature of ink; control means for controlling the recording head to perform idle drive operations of minutely vibrating ink menisci and preliminary discharge operations; and changing means for changing a number of times of the idle drive operations and a number of times of the preliminary discharge operations according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system for a hydrogen engine is provided in which hydrogen gas is supplied in the hydrogen engine as a fuel for combustion, and is also supplied to the exhaust gas after combustion to improve purification of the exhaust element. The exhaust gas purification system includes a hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen engine, and a catalyst provided in an exhaust pipe, and is capable of supplying hydrogen gas through the exhaust pipe during operation of the hydrogen engine. An upstream-side exhaust gas sensor is provided on the exhaust pipe upstream of the catalyst. An exhaust-side hydrogen gas injection device is provided upstream of the upstream-side exhaust gas sensor.

Abstract: A throttle control apparatus for an engine is provided with a twofold or redundant detecting unit and when one of the detecting units fails, the maximum opening degree of a throttle valve is decreased, and a control unit controls the engine. The control unit also provides for executing the start of a fuel cut to reduce the maximum engine rotational number to a lower maximum engine rotational number when one detecting unit of the twofold detecting unit fails.

Abstract: An arrangement to carry out an enrich delay control operation without fail, start an enrich control operation after an elapse of a predetermined time with certainty, and improve control reliability. For this purpose, control means is provided with functions to (1) store a previous throttle full opening time upon reception of a throttle opening signal from a throttle sensor for detecting a throttle opening of a throttle valve, (2) obtain a new throttle full opening time by integrating a current throttle full opening time under predetermined conditions for identifying continuous full-open acceleration, with a previous throttle full opening time, (3) store the new throttle full opening time as the previous throttle full opening time when the new throttle full opening time is less than the predetermined time, and (4) start the enrich delay control operation of the internal combustion engine when the new throttle opening time is greater than or equal to the predetermined time.

Abstract: In an engine including an exhaust gas recirculation mechanism for recirculating exhaust gas to the engine intake system, and an ignition timing control apparatus for the engine, a duty-controlled EGR rate regulating solenoid valve is disposed in an EGR passage which intercommunicates the exhaust and intake passages of the engine. An arrangement is provided for controlling the activation of the ignition timing control apparatus in order to adjust the ignition timing in accordance with a duty rate applied to the EGR rate regulating solenoid valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a feedback control system for effecting feedback control in order to enrich the air-fuel ratio during acceleration. A distinction device is provided for distinguishing the fuel in use by the internal combustion engine, and includes a control arrangement which distinguishes that the fuel in use is heavy gravity fuel when feedback signals sequentially produced by the feedback control system indicate that the air-fuel ratio has remained lean for at least a predetermined time after acceleration has been attempted.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying an air-fuel mixture through a collecting passage of an intake manifold to a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. The flow of the air-fuel mixture from the intake passageway of a throttle body is discharged transversely into the collecting passageway so that the mixture strikes a region on a side surface of the collecting passageway. Also provided is an arrangement for supplying an auxiliary air stream into the collecting passageway from a location across the striking region from the engine cylinder, which arrangement directs the auxiliary air toward the center of the striking region.

Abstract: An air-distribution apparatus for use with an internal combustion engine, wherein end portions of a plurality of branched air-intake tubes are respectively connected to air-intake holes of respective cylinders of a multiple-cylinder engine. A multiple-barrel carburetor is connected above a mounting assembly unit installed substantially at the center of the plurality of branched air-intake tubes so that each barrel communicates with the intake tubes through a respective air-intake port formed in the top wall of the mounting unit. A primary barrel of the carburetor is disposed in alignment with a transverse centerline of the mounting unit, and a secondary barrel of the carburetor is disposed in a position wherein it is displaced sidewardly from the centerline in the direction of the fuel nozzle tubes which connect to both barrels of the carburetor so as to permit more proper balancing of the air and fuel ratio as supplied to each cylinder.