Abstract: An electrophotographic belt including at least a base layer and a surface layer on or above the base layer, the surface layer including a binder resin and perfluoropolyether (PFPE), having a thickness of 2 ?m or more. PFPE is removed to obtain a PFPE-removed surface layer, the PFPE-removed surface layer has pores having openings at an outer surface thereof. When assuming that the PFPE-removed surface layer is a solid-surface layer, a ratio of a total volume of the pores contained in the PFPE-removed surface layer to a volume of the solid-surface layer is 8 to 25%. A ratio of a sum of areas of the openings to a unit area (1 ?m2) of the outer surface of the PFPE-removed surface layer is 10 to 35%, and the number of the openings per unit area (1 ?m2) of the outer surface of the PFPE-removed surface layer is 10 to 500.

Abstract: An electrophotographic belt including at least a base layer and a surface layer on or above the base layer, the surface layer including a binder resin and perfluoropolyether (PFPE), having a thickness of 2 ?m or more. PFPE is removed to obtain a PFPE-removed surface layer, the PFPE-removed surface layer has pores having openings at an outer surface thereof. When assuming that the PFPE-removed surface layer is a solid-surface layer, a ratio of a total volume of the pores contained in the PFPE-removed surface layer to a volume of the solid-surface layer is 8 to 25%. A ratio of a sum of areas of the openings to a unit area (1 ?m2) of the outer surface of the PFPE-removed surface layer is 10 to 35%, and the number of the openings per unit area (1 ?m2) of the outer surface of the PFPE-removed surface layer is 10 to 500.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic belt which contributes to stable formation of an electrophotographic image of high quality. The electrophotographic belt includes a base layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a binder resin, a perfluoropolyether and a comb-shaped graft copolymer, the comb-shaped graft copolymer is a copolymer of an acrylate or methacrylate having a fluoroalkyl group and a methacrylate macromonomer having a polymethyl methacrylate as a side chain, the comb-shaped graft copolymer has a number average molecular weight of 11000 or higher and 15000 or lower, and the comb-shaped graft copolymer has a peak-top molecular weight of 24000 or higher and 40000 or lower.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic belt which contributes to stable formation of an electrophotographic image of high quality. The electrophotographic belt includes a base layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a binder resin, a perfluoropolyether and a comb-shaped graft copolymer, the comb-shaped graft copolymer is a copolymer of an acrylate or methacrylate having a fluoroalkyl group and a methacrylate macromonomer having a polymethyl methacrylate as a side chain, the comb-shaped graft copolymer has a number average molecular weight of 11000 or higher and 15000 or lower, and the comb-shaped graft copolymer has a peak-top molecular weight of 24000 or higher and 40000 or lower.

Abstract: A member for electrophotography having a multilayer structure or a single-layer structure, including an outermost layer which satisfies the following A, B and C: A: the outermost layer has perfluoropolyether and a binder resin, and in the outermost layer, the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms is 0.10 or more and 0.40 or less; B: in a 19F-NMR spectrum of the outermost layer, the relaxation time T2 of a peak derived from CF2 moieties of perfluoropolyether is 13 milliseconds or more at 22° C.; and C: the total sum of the contents of CF3 moieties, CF2 moieties, and CF moieties in the binder resin is 5% by mass or less.

Abstract: A member for electrophotography having a multilayer structure or a single-layer structure, including an outermost layer which satisfies the following A, B and C: A: the outermost layer has perfluoropolyether and a binder resin, and in the outermost layer, the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms is 0.10 or more and 0.40 or less; B: in a 19F-NMR spectrum of the outermost layer, the relaxation time T2 of a peak derived from CF2 moieties of perfluoropolyether is 13 milliseconds or more at 22° C.; and C: the total sum of the contents of CF3 moieties, CF2 moieties, and CF moieties in the binder resin is 5% by mass or less.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a rear plate and a face plate.