Abstract: This liquid injection nozzle atomizes and sprays liquid, while reducing loss of kinetic energy, thereby promoting mixing between the liquid and a gas and thus promoting the reaction between the liquid and the gas. In the liquid injection nozzle, a plurality of distal end tips each having an injection hole are provided on a distal end portion of a nozzle body. Each distal end tip has a conical swirling flow chamber. A communication thin hole is formed in the distal end portion. The communication thin hole extends from a hollow chamber to the conical swirling flow chamber of the distal end tip. When the valve needle is lifted, liquid flows through the communication thin hole into the swirling flow chamber in a tangential direction and generates a vortex flow, and the vortex flow is sprayed from the injection hole.

Abstract: This liquid injection nozzle atomizes and sprays liquid, while reducing loss of kinetic energy, thereby promoting mixing between the liquid and a gas and thus promoting the reaction between the liquid and the gas. In the liquid injection nozzle, a plurality of distal end tips each having an injection hole are provided on a distal end portion of a nozzle body. Each distal end tip has a conical swirling flow chamber. A communication thin hole is formed in the distal end portion. The communication thin hole extends from a hollow chamber to the conical swirling flow chamber of the distal end tip. When the valve needle is lifted, liquid flows through the communication thin hole into the swirling flow chamber in a tangential direction and generates a vortex flow, and the vortex flow is sprayed from the injection hole.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pre-combustion chamber-type engine, which optimizes the relation between the heat capacity of the pre-combustion chamber structure that forms the pre-combustion chamber and the displacement per cylinder and thereby improves the net average effective pressure and fuel efficiency. In this pre-combustion chamber-type engine, which has the pre-combustion chamber structure 15 installed in the cylinder head 3 so that it is surrounded by a heat insulating layer, the ratio of the heat capacity of the pre-combustion chamber structure to the displacement per cylinder is set to 0.35 cal/.degree.C..multidot.cm.sup.3 or less. Alternatively, the ratio of the heat capacity of the pre-combustion chamber structure to the inner surface area of the pre-combustion chamber is set to 0.55 cal/.degree.C..multidot.cm.sup.2 or lower.

Abstract: A complex turbocharger compound engine system has a clutch disposed between the rotatable shaft of a turbine which is drivable by exhaust gases emitted from an engine and a power transmission device by which the rotatable shaft and the output shaft of the engine are operatively coupled to each other, a generator mounted on the rotatable shaft, and a rotary electric machine operatively coupled to the output shaft of the engine and operable selectively as a generator or as a motor. In a region in which the turbine operates with high efficiency, the region depending on operating conditions of the engine, the clutch is engaged to transmit rotative power of the turbine driven by the exhaust gases to the output shaft of the engine, thereby mechanically recovering the exhaust energy of the engine. In a region in which the turbine operates with low efficiency, the generator is driven by the turbine and the rotary electric machine is operated as a motor by the generated electric power.

Abstract: A turbo compound engine including driving power transmission means for drivingly connecting a crankshaft of the engine to a power turbine provided in an exhaust gas passage, so as to secure an adequate braking force, which is relatively weakened by an improvement in engine performance, by activating a power turbine by means of the driving power transmission means during exhaust braking, thereby transforming the work of the power turbine to braking force of the crankshaft in order to increase the entire braking force of the engine.

Abstract: In an internal-combustion engine including a fuel injection system which comprises a fuel injection pump, a delivery valve, a fuel line, and a fuel line injection nozzle, another liquid mixing-injection system characterized in that another liquid souce is connected to a desired point between the delivery valve and fuel injection orifice of the fuel injection system.