Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises: memory layers arranged in a first direction; and a first and a second via wirings having different positions in a second direction. The memory layer comprises: a first transistor electrically connected to the first via wiring; a memory portion electrically connected to the first transistor; a wiring electrically connected to the first transistor; a second transistor electrically connected to the second via wiring; and an electrode provided in a current path between the second transistor and the wiring. The second transistor comprises: a semiconductor layer electrically connected to the electrode and the second via wiring; and a gate electrode facing the semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer faces at least one of surfaces on one side or the other side in the first direction of the gate electrode. The electrode includes a portion arranged with the second via wiring in a third direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises: a first memory layer; and a first via wiring and a second via wiring extending in a first direction, and having different positions from each other in a second direction. The first memory layer comprises: a first transistor electrically connected to the first via wiring; a memory portion electrically connected to the first transistor; a first wiring electrically connected to the first transistor; a second transistor electrically connected to the second via wiring and the first wiring; a first electrode electrically connected to the second transistor; and a second electrode electrically connected to the first wiring and first electrode. A length of the second electrode in the first direction is larger than one or both of a length of the first wiring in the first direction and a length of the first conductive layer in the first direction.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a nozzle layer having a nozzle through which a liquid is discharged from a second side toward a first side, a liquid chamber substrate, and a drive circuit. The nozzle layer includes a vibration layer, a piezoelectric actuator adjacent to the nozzle and over the first side, a circuit connection over the first side, a first protective layer around the circuit connection, a second protective layer over the piezoelectric actuator, a first water-resistant film over the first protective layer, and a second water-resistant film over the second protective layer. The second protective layer is separated from the first protective layer. The first protective layer defines an opening above the circuit connection. The liquid chamber substrate has a liquid chamber communicating with the nozzle. The drive circuit is disposed over the second side and connected to the circuit connection to drive the piezoelectric actuator.

Abstract: An amplifier includes a detector configured to detect a given value used for monitoring a change in a gain of an amplifying element amplifying a signal in response to a gate voltage applied to a gate terminal, and a controller configured to judge, based on the detected given value, whether or not the gate voltage is to be increased, and to determine the increased gate voltage in response to the given value when the controller judges that the gate voltage is to be increased.

Abstract: An amplification device that amplifies a signal, the amplification device includes an amplification unit that amplifies the signal using supplied power, a variable power supply unit that changes the power supplied to the amplification unit in accordance with an envelope of the signal, a radiation unit that radiates light onto the amplification unit, and a control unit that controls the light to be emitted from the radiation unit in accordance with slope of the envelope of the signal.

Abstract: An amplifier includes a detector configured to detect a given value used for monitoring a change in a gain of an amplifying element amplifying a signal in response to a gate voltage applied to a gate terminal, and a controller configured to judge, based on the detected given value, whether or not the gate voltage is to be increased, and to determine the increased gate voltage in response to the given value when the controller judges that the gate voltage is to be increased.

Abstract: An amplification device that amplifies a signal, the amplification device includes an amplification unit that amplifies the signal using supplied power, a variable power supply unit that changes the power supplied to the amplification unit in accordance with an envelope of the signal, a radiation unit that radiates light onto the amplification unit, and a control unit that controls the light to be emitted from the radiation unit in accordance with slope of the envelope of the signal.

Abstract: A component mounting structure including a metal base; a first substrate bonded to the upper surface of the metal base; a first wiring pattern formed on the upper surface of the first substrate; a second substrate horizontally mounted on the upper surface of the first substrate so that the lower surface of the second substrate is in contact with the upper surface of the first substrate; a second wiring pattern formed on the second substrate so as to be connected to the first wiring pattern; and a component mounted on the second substrate so as to be connected to the second wiring pattern.

Abstract: A post-processing apparatus of a digital image forming apparatus includes first and second bins for storing recorded matter which was output from the digital image forming apparatus and distributed to the respective bins based on image information data such as the name of data contained in the image information relating to the recorded matter. Each of the first and second bins has a display device for displaying the image information data corresponding to recorded matter to be stored in the respective bins, such as the sender of facsimile, the name of data and the name of client who output the data. By displaying on the bins the image information data belonging to the recorded matter, such as the sender of facsimile, the name of data and the name of client who output the data, the operator can easily find the target recorded matter.

Abstract: A digital image forming apparatus equipped with an optical scanner unit which is detachable from a main body includes an upper image reading section and a lower part image forming section. The apparatus is arranged such that the optical scanner unit can be installed and removed in and from the apparatus in a vertical direction, and can be removed through an opening provided for removing the image forming section therethrough. According to the described arrangement, during the installation and removal of the optical scanner unit, removal of the image reading section and a special opening for the optical scanner unit are not required, thereby reducing the restriction on structural design of the apparatus and permitting easy installation and removal of the optical scanner unit. As a result, the maintenance of the apparatus can be performed with an improved efficiency.

Abstract: A color copying machine for copying an image on a photosensitive material having a movable scanning exposure element with a light source for irradiating a document to be copied and projecting light reflected from the document through a window. At most, two of three primary color filters correct the spectral intensity of the light by being inserted into the light path in both directions perpendicular to the direction in which the photosensitive material is conveyed. The ratio of the total area of a sectional plane of the light path to the area of the sectional plane covered by the color correction filter is adjusted to obtain the required spectral intensity. At least one diaphragm in the light path regulates the sectional plane of the light path whereby the controlled diaphragm does not cause a change in the adjusted ratio, and the amount of light is regulated without changing the corrected spectral intensity thereof.

Abstract: A charging apparatus wherein a back plate forming a back portion of a shielding member surrounding a discharging wire has an elongate opening for guiding a cleaning member for cleaning and defining a cleaning region of the wire and a cam groove communicating the elongate opening for separating the cleaning member from the wire. The distance between the discharging wire and a side plate of the shielding member is larger than the distance between the discharging wire and the back plate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording apparatus comprises an electrophotosensitive member, and a corona discharge device located adjacent the electrophotosensitive surface thereof. The corona discharge device includes a discharge wire spaced from the electrophotosensitive surface, and a covering member for substantially covering the space between the discharge wire and the electrophotosensitive surface at each end of the discharge wire. In some embodiments the covering member spans the space between the discharge wire and the electrophotosensitive surface and contacts the electrophotosensitive surface.

Abstract: A magnetic brush developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a charge retaining member includes a housing for containing developer, a developing sleeve arranged rotatably in the housing, a plurality of magnets interior of the developing sleeve, a doctor blade for regulating a thickness of a developer layer formed on a circumferential surface of the developing sleeve by a magnetic flux of the magnets, and a magnetic material fixed on an internal surface of the housing and downstream of the doctor blade as viewed from the direction of the rotation of the developing sleeve. The magnetic material extends in the direction of the width of the developing sleeve, is spaced from the circumferential surface of the developing sleeve, and is positioned opposite to at least one of the magnets arranged in the developing sleeve.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes a first, heated roller and a second roller movable from spaced apart condition in their nonoperative mode into mutual pressure contact with each other for operatively fixing a toner image to a support sheet passed therebetween, and a cleaning blade maintained in continuous contact with the first roller to clean contaminating matter from its surface. In operation, the first roller is rotated through at least one full revolution prior to contact with the second roller so that residual contaminating matter can be cleaned from the first roller surface before contact with the second roller and image fixing take place.

Abstract: Nicotinic acid is produced by oxidizing dialkylpyridine such as 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine, 2,5-lutidine and the like, with nitric acid by an amount of 100 to 118 percent, preferably 100 to 108 percent, to the theoretical oxidizing amount, at a temperature of 220.degree. to 240.degree. C, preferably 225 to 235.degree. C under a pressure of 30 to 45 kg/cm.sup.2 for 5 to 30 minutes.