Abstract: A packet switching apparatus for simplifying and reducing the size of a packet switching circuit which is to perform at high speed. The packet switching apparatus is provided with a first packet switching unit for sorting a data packet from one of a plurality of input lines into one of a plurality of transfer lines. The packet switching apparatus is also provided with a second packet switching unit for sorting a data packet from a transfer line into one of a plurality of output lines of a respective output line group. A transfer line transfers a data packet at a line speed faster than a sum of the line speeds of the output lines included within the respective output line group.

Abstract: A packet switching apparatus with a number of lines for simplifying the configuration of the packet switching apparatus by reducing the size of the circuit which is to perform at high speed. The packet switching apparatus is suitable for an ATM switching device, for example. The packet switching apparatus is provided with a first packet switching unit 9 for sorting data packets received through a plurality of input lines 1-1 to 1-n into their corresponding output line groups 7-1 to 7-m, 7-(m+1) to 7-(2m), and so on, and outputting the sorted data packets to transfer lines 2-1 to 2-i, and the second packet switching unit 10-1 for sorting the data packets received from the transfer line 2-1 into their corresponding output lines 7-1 to 7-m and outputting the sorted data packets. Specifically, the transfer line 2-1 transfers a data packet at a line speed faster than a totaled line speed of the output lines 7-1 to 7-m.

Abstract: A packet scheduling system which controls traffic interference between VPNs is provided. The packet scheduling system comprises a queuing destination judging part 5 which distributes a data packet inputted, a first-step scheduling part 6-1˜6-m which includes a plurality of queuing parts 7-1˜7-n for accumulating the data packet distributed for each of a plurality of specific groups by the queuing destination judging part 5, to be corresponding to each of quality classes, and a read-out control part 8 for controlling reading out the data packet, and a second-step scheduling part which has a plurality of the first-step scheduling parts 6-1˜6-m corresponding to a plurality of the specific groups and includes a read-out control part 11 for controlling the data packet to be read out from the first-step scheduling part corresponding to each of a plurality of the specific groups.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium has a non-magnetic metal base layer formed on a non-magnetic base and supporting a magnetic layer thereon. The non-magnetic metal base layer includes two or more base layers including at least one first base layer each having an anisotropic magnetic characteristic in which a coercive force in a circumferential direction of the magnetic recording medium is higher than a coercive force in a radial direction of the medium, and at least one second base layer each having an anisotropic magnetic characteristic in which the coercive force in the circumferential direction is lower than the coercive force in the radial direction.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic head includes an upper magnetic core film and a lower magnetic core film laminated one on another through a magnetic gap layer. The upper and lower magnetic core films are multilayer thin films, respectively, each of which is composed of a plurality of magnetic thin film layers and a plurality of non-magnetic thin film layers, alternately laminated one on another. The magnetic core films and have single domain structures, respectively, and the use of such magnetic core films realizes a thin film magnetic head having high permeability at high frequencies and improved high frequency characteristics and attains high recording density.

Abstract: An optical transmission system includes a current and standby optical transmission lines for transmitting digital information signals in parallel. An information string phase difference detector detects the phase difference between the received digital information strings from the respective optical transmission lines. The optical transmission system also includes an optical receiver arranged in the receiving side for receiving the transmitted light signals. A controller changes the wavelengths of the light signals that are received by the optical receiver, based upon the detected phase difference which is detected by the phase difference detector.