Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric body and first, second, third, and fourth electrode layers disposed in the piezoelectric body. Each of the first, second, third, and fourth electrode layers includes a pair of first electrodes and a pair of second electrodes. The first and second electrodes included in the first electrode layer oppose the second and first electrodes included in the second electrode layer, respectively, with a part of the piezoelectric body. The first and second electrodes included in the second electrode layer oppose the first and second electrodes included in the third electrode layer, respectively, with a part of the piezoelectric body. The first and second electrodes included in the third electrode layer oppose the second and first electrodes included in the fourth electrode layer, respectively, with a part of the piezoelectric body.

Abstract: A decontamination-solution spray device includes: an atomizer including first and second ports and a nozzle; a first pipe having one end and an other end respectively connected to an air compressor and the first port; a second pipe, provided lower than the second port, having one end connected to the second port and an other end open; a reservoir portion to store a decontamination solution; a pump to pump up the solution from the reservoir portion; and a third pipe, having one end connected to the pump, thorough which the decontamination solution taken in by the pump flows, the atomizer to, suck the decontamination solution flowing through the third pipe via the second pipe, by negative pressure produced in the second port by injecting air taken in from the first port from the nozzle; and inject the solution in an atomized state from the nozzle, mixing the solution with air.

Abstract: The system includes a first receiver that, when information has been printed on the medium using a printing apparatus, receives, from the printing apparatus, an electronic tag ID of an electronic tag in the printed medium and a plurality of recipient IDs specified by a user, a second receiver that, when the printed medium has been stored in a repository, receives, from the repository, an electronic tag ID of an electronic tag in the stored medium and an ID in association with the repository (hereinafter called the repository ID), and an associating unit that, when the electronic tag ID sent from the printing apparatus agrees with the electronic tag ID sent from the repository, associates a recipient ID corresponding to the repository ID sent from the repository, out of the plurality of recipient IDs sent from the printing apparatus, with the agreed electronic tag ID.

Abstract: A light-receiving device including: a lens; and a light-receiving element optically coupled to the lens, a plurality of optical path divided by the lens crossing each other in a position of between the lens and the light-receiving element.

Abstract: The system includes a first receiver that, when information has been printed on the medium using a printing apparatus, receives, from the printing apparatus, an electronic tag ID of an electronic tag in the printed medium and a plurality of recipient IDs specified by a user, a second receiver that, when the printed medium has been stored in a repository, receives, from the repository, an electronic tag ID of an electronic tag in the stored medium and an ID in association with the repository (hereinafter called the repository ID), and an associating unit that, when the electronic tag ID sent from the printing apparatus agrees with the electronic tag ID sent from the repository, associates a recipient ID corresponding to the repository ID sent from the repository, out of the plurality of recipient IDs sent from the printing apparatus, with the agreed electronic tag ID.

Abstract: Cache hit ratio is improved in a cache apparatus that reads and caches contents from a large-scale database. The cache apparatus includes a cache section for recording a plurality of sets. Each set includes an attribute ID, an extractor for extracting the attribute ID from an object ID, and attribute data identified by the attribute ID. The cache apparatus receives an object ID and extracts an attribute ID from the object ID using an extractor recorded in the cache section. If the extracted attribute ID coincides with attribute ID cached in association with the extractor, the cache apparatus returns attribute data recorded in association with the extractor. On the other hand, if the extracted attribute ID does not coincide with the attribute ID recorded in association with the extractor, the cache apparatus receives attribute data and an extractor from a DB using the object ID, and caches the read extractor and attribute data in the cache section in association with attribute ID.

Abstract: In a satellite system, a time frame to be used for establishing a time correlation between the satellite system and a ground station is inserted between the transmission frames at an arbitrary timing. The ground station computes the time at which the data was generated in the satellite system from this time frame and establishes a time correlation with the satellite time by using only this time frame.

Abstract: Cache hit ratio is improved in a cache apparatus that reads and caches contents from a large-scale database. The cache apparatus includes a cache section for recording a plurality of sets. Each set includes an attribute ID, an extractor for extracting the attribute ID from an object ID, and attribute data identified by the attribute ID. The cache apparatus receives an object ID and extracts an attribute ID from the object ID using an extractor recorded in the cache section. If the extracted attribute ID coincides with attribute ID cached in association with the extractor, the cache apparatus returns attribute data recorded in association with the extractor. On the other hand, if the extracted attribute ID does not coincide with the attribute ID recorded in association with the extractor, the cache apparatus receives attribute data and an extractor from a DB using the object ID, and caches the read extractor and attribute data in the cache section in association with attribute ID.

Abstract: In a satellite system, a time frame to be used for establishing a time correlation between the satellite system and a ground station is inserted between the transmission frames at an arbitrary timing. The ground station computes the time at which the data was generated in the satellite system from this time frame and establishes a time correlation with the satellite time by using only this time frame.

Abstract: In a satellite system, a time frame to be used for establishing a time correlation between the satellite system and a ground station is inserted between the transmission frames at an arbitrary timing. The ground station computes the time at which the data was generated in the satellite system from this time frame and establishes a time correlation with the satellite time by suing only this time frame.

Abstract: A rotary head type reproducing apparatus capable of displaying each data code indicative of date, time and frame number, without interruption even during reproduction from a recording track on which a recording is made with such data code absent. In the apparatus, a recording track having a data code signal recording area in which a search marker is recorded is scanned by a rotary head, and when the search marker is reproduced and outputted, the search marker is demodulated by a search marker demodulating circuit and, simultaneously, the output of a data interpolating circuit is selected at the input of a switch. Each time a variation point of an SWP (head switching pulse) is detected by an SWP detecting circuit, the data interpolating circuit increments the respective count values of a frame counter, a time counter and a date counter decoded from a data code, on the basis of a data code obtained immediately before the demodulation of the search marker, and outputs the result to a system control circuit.

Abstract: As a technique of stably producing a crystalline spinel type LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4 having a large specific surface area by microscopically uniform mixing at atomic level of constitutional elements without causing crystal defects, there is proposed a method wherein water-soluble lithium salt and manganese nitrate (Mn(NO.sub.3).sub.2) are dissolved in water and then non-ion water-soluble high polymer containing no metal ion is added as a cation carried body to the resulting aqueous mixed solution and thereafter water is removed from the aqueous mixed solution under heating, preferably at a temperature of not lower than 100.degree. C. to synthesize crystalline spinel type LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus can improve positional accuracy by effecting median filtering processing while ensuring real-time operations by reducing the amount of data processing by software. In this image processing apparatus, when a counter has counted up to a predetermined number, or when the counter's value is increased by a predetermined number after the counter has counted up to the predetermined number, a filter circuit control section activates a filter circuit. As a result, the filter circuit performs median filter processing for multi-gradation image data stored in an FIFO storage section. The image processing apparatus is suitable for use in measuring the position, shape, size, etc. of an object from multi-gradation image data obtained as a result of photographing the object with a camera or the like.

Abstract: A recording and reproducing apparatus is arranged to reproduce an information signal from a recording medium on which the information signal is recorded, to detect a recorded position of the information signal on the recording medium and to form an after-recording signal on the basis of the result of detection of the recorded position, so that the after-recording signal can be recorded on the recording medium by after-recording without ruining the existing information signal already recorded on the recording medium.

Abstract: A video signal reproduction apparatus having a plurality of heads arranged to alternately trace the tracks on a tape-shaped recording medium one at a time for every predetermined period, wherein while the medium is being transported at the same speed as when recording, the recorded video signals are reproduced, whereby if it happens that one of the plurality of reproducing heads fails to sufficiently pick up the video signal, the reproduced signal of that head is replaced by that reproduced signal of one of the other reproducing heads which has been stored in a memory which is capable of storing video signals for at least the aforesaid period.

Abstract: A reproducing apparatus for reproducing signals from a number of tracks formed in a direction different from a first direction of feeding a recording medium at a given speed, wherein in driving the recording medium intermittently in a second direction reverse to the first direction such intermittent drive of said recording medium is controlled by the output signals of the reproducing heads given during the periods of stopping the recording medium.

Abstract: A rotary head type recording apparatus according to the present invention can record information signals on a tape-shaped magnetic recording medium based on a plurality of kinds of recording modes in which track pitches are different from each other, and the track pitches of the recording tracks formed on the taped-shaped magnetic recording medium are varied depending on the kinds of the recording modes and at the same time a pattern of a signal-for-erasion supplied to a rotary type erasing head with wider width in the direction perpendicularly crossing a tracing direction of the head than that of a rotary type magnetic head is varied depending on the kinds of the recording modes, so that the undesirable influence of the signal-for-erasion over the recording of the information signals is reduced and at the same time power consumption is also reduced.

Abstract: A system for a continuously variable transmission has a line pressure control valve having a spool, a first hydraulic circuit having a pump for supplying oil to the transmission through the line pressure control valve. A second hydraulic circuit is provided for supplying oil to the line pressure control valve so as to shift the spool. A flow rate control valve is provided in the second hydraulic circuit for regulating flow rate of oil passing therein to a constant value, and a reducing valve is provided in the second hydraulic circuit at a downstream position of the flow rate control valve so as to produce a constant pressure of oil. The constant pressure is regulated by a control valve so as to shift the spool of the line pressure control valve, thereby controlling line pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus for reproducing recorded signals from a recording medium in which a plurality of oblique tracks are formed in parallel is characterized in that the recording medium is intermittently driven at timings which are determined by using the tracking error signals indicating the tracking error of heads formed by using the outputs of the reproducing heads, and these timings are controlled in correspondence with the track pitch of the tracks. 4(A)-4(E), 5(A)-5(E), 6(A)-6(D), and 7(A)-7(D).

Abstract: A belt has an endless laminated metal carrier and a plurality of metal elements engaged with the carrier. A residual stress is provided in the carrier such that sum of moments of the residual stress in the carrier becomes zero at a radius of an arc, at which lines indicating an outer surface maximum stress and an inner surface maximum stress of the carrier intersect each other. Namely both the stresses becomes small at the same time at the radius.