Abstract: In a picture processing method, the density data of picture elements in a particular picture element region in a 4.times.4 arrangement which is provided by decomposing an original picture into a number of picture elements are subjected to n-base quantization to provide density levels thereof, and the particular picture element region is divided into an aimed picture element region consisting of four picture elements in the central part of the particular picture element region and a surrounding region consisting of twelve picture elements surrounding the aimed picture element region. The aimed picture element region is converted into a minute picture element region in 3.times.3 arrangement consisting of nine minute picture elements.

Abstract: In a picture restoring method, an original picture is read with low density into picture elements arranged in the form of a grid, and the density data of the picture elements is subjected to decimal quantization to provide the density level of the picture elements. According to the decimal quantization density levels, the density levels of eight sets of picture elements, with three adjacent picture elements among picture elements around an aimed picture element as one set. The aimed picture element is divided into nine minute picture elements in the form of a grid. The density levels of the eight sets of picture elements are used to determine whether the minute picture elements are white or black. When more than four black minutes picture elements are around a minute picture element which has been decided white, the latter is converted into a black minute picture element.

Abstract: A picture is sampled to provide the density levels of picture elements forming the picture. The estimation density level of an aimed picture element (to be processed) is calculated according to a particular equation, by using the density level of the aimed picture element and those of picture elements surrounding the aimed picture element. The estimation density level thus calculated is compared with a threshold, corresponding to the aimed picture element, in a threshold pattern, to determine whether the level of the aimed picture element is black or white. This process is carried out for all of the picture elements to restore the picture with binary outputs.

Abstract: A capsule and process for the production of a colored gelatin capsule by homogeneously dispersing in the gelatin carminic acid or laccaic acid and ammonium alum and/or potassium alum, and further incorporating titanium dioxide in the gelatin. Preferably, a gelatin capsule in which the amount of carminic acid or laccaic acid is 0.03 to 0.75% by weight and the amount of ammonium alum and/or potassium alum is 0.01 to 0.25% by weight.

Abstract: In a picture restoring method, an original picture is divided into picture elements arranged in matrix form, the picture elements are grouped into picture element regions each of which has an arrangement of nxn picture elements, and each picture element region is divided into a minute picture element region having an arrangement of 1.5n.times.1.5n minute picture elements. The density levels of the minute picture element in each minute picture element region are determined black or white according to the average value of the density levels of the picture elements of each picture element region and the density level data of selected minute picture elements among the minute picture elements of each minute picture element region, the density level data being obtained through calculation using the decimal-quantized density levels of the picture elements of each picture element region.

Abstract: In a picture processing method according to the present invention, a picture element S(i,j) to be processed is divided into four smaller picture elements S.sub.1 (i,j) through S.sub.4 (i,j). The density of each of the smaller picture elements is determined from the algebraic mean value of the densities of the picture element and the picture elements surrounding the firstly mentioned picture elements. Each smaller picture element S.sub.m (i,j) (m=1,2,3, and 4) is determined by a DITHER MATRIX T(k,l) as S.sub.m (i,j)=1 when S.sub.m (i,j).gtoreq.T(k,l) and S.sub.m (i,j)=0 when S.sub.m (i,j)<T(k,l) where, using Gauss' notation,k=i-4[(i-1)/4]andl=j-4[(j-1)]/4].