Abstract: An image processing apparatus applies a learning process to a learning model using training data generated from first original images obtained by capturing a subject of inspection. The apparatus then performs, using the learned learning model, deduction processing on input data generated from a second original image obtained by capturing a subject of inspection. The training data is generated using a plurality of partial images from each of the first original images, and the deduction process uses a partial image of the second original image as the input data. The detection rate of an abnormal portion having a small size included in images of the subject of inspection is thereby improved.

Abstract: An observation light generated by an observation-purpose light source has a beam cross section where the light intensity (light quantity) is substantially uniform. A mask portion masks a part of the observation light so that the light intensity of a region corresponding to a reticle image at the beam cross section is substantially zero. The observation light including a shadow region formed corresponding to the reticle image is reflected from a beam splitter and applied to an object to be measured. Based on the contrast (difference between light and dark parts) of a reflected image corresponding to the reticle image projected on the object to be measured, the focus state of the measurement light on the object to be measured is determined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vane material having an excellent scuffing resistance in a compressor employing an alternative Freon gas as a cooling medium and a process for the preparation thereof. In accordance with the present invention, a vane material is provided having a structure comprising a base material consisting essentially of 1.0 to 4.5% by weight of carbon, not more than 1.5% by weight of silicon, not more than 1.0% by weight of manganese, 3 to 6% by weight of chromium, not more than 30% of tungsten and/or not more than 20% by weight of molybdenum provided that (W+2Mo) is not more than 45% by weight, 2 to 10% by weight of vanadium and/or niobium, not more than 20% by weight of cobalt, and a balance of iron and inavoidable impurities with additive particles of a carbide and additive particles of a nitride and/or a carbonitride, sintered thereto in an amount of more than 0% to not more than 25% by weight and 2 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the vane material, respectively.

Abstract: A compressor comprising a roller made of a cast iron which has a hardness of HRC 50 or more after heat treatment, and contains not less than 5 area % of graphite, and not less than 2 area % of crystallized eutectic structure including iron phosphide, and either a vane made of a material which has a hardness of HRC 70 or more after heat treatment and contains not less than 25 area % of undissolved carbides and nitride particles in total, the undissolved carbides including not less than 10 area % of MC type carbides, the nitride particles including at least one of TiN and NbN of not less than 5 area %, the undissolved carbides and the nitride particles having a mean grain size of not more than 5 .mu.m, or a vane made of a material including at least one of TiN and NbN particles of not less than 5 area %, the TiN and NbN particles having a mean grain size of not more than 5 .mu.m, the material essentially consisting of, by weight, 2.0 to 4.0 % of C, not more than 2.0 % of Si, not more than 1.5 % of Mn, 2.5 to 8.