Abstract: Provided is a driving device for PWM control of voltage pulses for controlling the temperature of a heater in a phase controller, the driving device being capable of increasing the response speed of an optical element such as an optical switch. Phase controllers include first and second heaters for changing the temperatures of first and second optical waveguides extending in parallel. Driving devices include pulse generation circuits that generate voltage pulses to apply to the first and second heaters. To start raising the temperature of the second heater, the pulse generation circuit generates a first voltage pulse and consecutive second voltage pulses to apply to the second heater with zero voltage pulse being applied to the first heater, the first voltage pulse having a long pulse width and the second voltage pulses following the first voltage pulse and having a shorter pulse width than the first voltage pulse.

Abstract: An X-ray detector monitoring device capable of detecting a time when an X-ray detector is disabled due to a slow leak is provided. The X-ray detector monitoring device is provided with an X-ray detection element 32 for detecting X-ray intensity, an X-ray detector 30 having a vacuum insulation container 33 in which an X-ray introduction window 31 is formed, a cooling means 60 for cooling the X-ray detection element 32, a detection element temperature sensor 81 mounted on the X-ray detection element 32 to output detection element temperature information Tt by detecting a temperature of an X-ray detection element 32, and a control unit 40 and 70 configured to calculate an output value for controlling the cooling means 60 to output the output value to the cooling means 60 so that the detection element temperature information Tt becomes a preset temperature TS. The control unit 40 and 70 is configured to detect a vacuum state of the vacuum insulation container 33 based on the output value.

Abstract: Provided is a driving device for PWM control of voltage pulses for controlling the temperature of a heater in a phase controller, the driving device being capable of increasing the response speed of an optical element such as an optical switch. Phase controllers include first and second heaters for changing the temperatures of first and second optical waveguides extending in parallel. Driving devices include pulse generation circuits that generate voltage pulses to apply to the first and second heaters. To start raising the temperature of the second heater, the pulse generation circuit generates a first voltage pulse and consecutive second voltage pulses to apply to the second heater with zero voltage pulse being applied to the first heater, the first voltage pulse having a long pulse width and the second voltage pulses following the first voltage pulse and having a shorter pulse width than the first voltage pulse.

Abstract: In a device used to identify a category to which a target sample belongs from among a plurality of categories for classifying samples, criteria being set for each of the plurality of categories, the device includes a storage unit 21 configured to store a database 211 in which one or a plurality of terms related to criteria determined in advance for each of the plurality of categories are associated with each of the plurality of categories, a target sample information input reception unit 24 configured to receive an input of target sample information which is linguistic information including a term that characterizes the target sample, a category candidate extraction unit 26 configured to compare a term included in the target sample information with the one or a plurality of terms corresponding to each of the plurality of categories to extract candidates of categories to which the target sample belongs from among the plurality of categories based on a degree of match, and a category candidate presentation unit

Abstract: In an analysis system in which a plurality of analysis apparatuses and a server are communicably connected, the plurality of analysis apparatuses each includes: an apparatus body that measures a sample; and an information processor that analyzes measurement data by the apparatus body. The information processor has a first storage unit for storing the measurement data and an analysis result of the measurement data, generates an analysis result summary based on the analysis result stored in the first storage unit, the analysis result summary indicating an outline of the analysis result, and transmits the analysis result summary to the server. The server has a second storage unit, and constructs a database in which analysis result summaries received from the information processor are accumulated, and stores the database into the second storage unit.

Abstract: An insertion device includes a thin and elongated insertion section, a rotating body which is rotated to advance or retreat the insertion section, a driving force supply source which supplies a driving force to the rotating body, a variable stiffness section provided for the insertion section and permitting stiffness of the insertion section to be varied, a stiffness detector which detects the stiffness of the insertion section varied by the variable stiffness section, and a controller which controls the driving force supply source in accordance with the stiffness of the insertion section detected by the stiffness detector.

Abstract: A controller which controls an operation of a self-propelled mechanism of an endoscope includes an inspection control section, a usual control section, an endoscope connection detection circuit and a control switch section. The endoscope connection detection circuit detects that the endoscope has been connected. The control switch section determines whether or not the inspection operation is performed for the endoscope at the time of the connection of the endoscope, causes the usual control section to perform the usual operation when the inspection operation is performed, and causes the inspection control section to perform the inspection operation and then causes the usual control section to perform the usual operation when the inspection operation is not performed.

Abstract: An insertion apparatus includes an insertion section, a motor that rotates a rotational housing, a drive control unit that supplies a driving current to the motor to control driving of the motor, a temperature detector provided in the rotational housing, that detects a temperature of the rotational housing, a temperature measurement unit that measures a temperature in a vicinity of the rotational housing based on a detection result obtained from the temperature detector, a heating element used for heating, and a heating control unit that controls the heating element to perform heating when a measurement result of the temperature measurement unit is lower than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: An optical amplifier includes a polarization splitter, a polarization rotator, first and second optical couplers, and first and second semiconductor optical amplifying devices. The TE polarized wave of light split by the polarization splitter is input to a first input port of the first optical coupler. The TM polarized wave of the split light is converted into a TE polarized wave by the polarization rotator to be input to a second input port of the first optical coupler. First light and second light output from a first output port and a second output port of the first optical coupler are amplified by the first semiconductor optical amplifying device and the second semiconductor optical amplifying device to be input to a first input port and a second input port of the second optical coupler, respectively. Third light is output from an output port of the second optical coupler.

Abstract: Collimator unit between X-ray tube and sample includes a plurality of collimator plates and displacement mechanisms, which move the collimator plates in interlocked fashion so as to locate the centers of through-holes on a line connecting X-ray focal point to an arbitrary point on the sample W, thereby suppressing the shading of X-rays due to the axis of the through-holes of the collimator unit becoming diagonal to the line connecting the X-ray focal point and the point on the sample.

Abstract: Collimator unit between X-ray tube and sample includes a plurality of collimator plates and displacement mechanisms, which move the collimator plates in interlocked fashion so as to locate the centers of through-holes on a line connecting X-ray focal point to an arbitrary point on the sample W, thereby suppressing the shading of X-rays due to the axis of the through-holes of the collimator unit becoming diagonal to the line connecting the X-ray focal point and the point on the sample.

Abstract: A driving-side rotator of a clutch has a connecting hole, within which a connecting portion of a rotatable shaft is loosely fitted while providing a space between the connecting hole and the connection portion. The connecting hole of the driving-side rotator is engageable with the connecting portion of the rotatable shaft in a rotational direction to integrally rotate with connecting portion of the rotatable shaft. Two positioning holes are provided in a brush holder, and two positioning projections are provided in a gear housing to allow direct positioning of the brush holder and the gear housing relative to each other.

Abstract: A driving-side rotator of a clutch has a connecting hole, within which a connecting portion of a rotatable shaft is loosely fitted while providing a space between the connecting hole and the connection portion. The connecting hole of the driving-side rotator is engageable with the connecting portion of the rotatable shaft in a rotational direction to integrally rotate with connecting portion of the rotatable shaft. Two positioning holes are provided in a brush holder, and two positioning projections are provided in a gear housing to allow direct positioning of the brush holder and the gear housing relative to each other.

Abstract: A driving-side rotator of a clutch has a connecting hole, within which a connecting portion of a rotatable shaft is loosely fitted while providing a space between the connecting hole and the connection portion. The connecting hole of the driving-side rotator is engageable with the connecting portion of the rotatable shaft in a rotational direction to integrally rotate with connecting portion of the rotatable shaft. Two positioning holes are provided in a brush holder, and two positioning projections are provided in a gear housing to allow direct positioning of the brush holder and the gear housing relative to each other.

Abstract: A driving-side rotator of a clutch has a connecting hole, within which a connecting portion of a rotatable shaft is loosely fitted while providing a space between the connecting hole and the connection portion. The connecting hole of the driving-side rotator is engageable with the connecting portion of the rotatable shaft in a rotational direction to integrally rotate with connecting portion of the rotatable shaft. Two positioning holes are provided in a brush holder, and two positioning projections are provided in a gear housing to allow direct positioning of the brush holder and the gear housing relative to each other.

Abstract: A tin or tin alloy plated article, particularly a film carrier which is protected against the generation of tin whiskers characterized in having an indium plated layer on the substrate thereof and a tin or tin alloy plated layer on said indium plated layer. There are also disclosed a coating process therefor as well as a novel and unique electroless indium plating bath therefor, said indium plating bath is an acidic, electroless plating bath characterized by including an indium salt and thiourea or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: Film carriers for mounting electronic components such as semiconductor chips thereon have lead portions plated with a tin or tin alloy layer and further with an indium layer. The tin or tin alloy layer is 0.1-3 .mu.m thick and the indium layer 0.01-2 .mu.m thick. Alternatively, the leads have a tin or tin alloy plated portion having an indium diffusion layer, with an indium content of 0.2-50 wt %. The carriers are manufactured by a method which comprises plating the leads with tin or a tin alloy and then with indium, with or without heat treatment at 50.degree.-150.degree. C. to form an indium diffusion layer in the tin or tin alloy coating. Plating is done by electroless plating.

Abstract: A process for improving the wear resistance and enhancing the black color of a black rhodium plated article which comprises subjecting the article to anodic electrolysis.