Abstract: The disclosure relates to a molten metal producing and refining method which does not damage the apparatus, realizes a stable and high second combustion rate, and is capable of effectively recovering heat generated by the second combustion. The method comprises introducing a metal-containing material, a carbonaceous material, a flux and O.sub.2 gas into a furnace. The carbon which dissolves into the metal bath in the furnace from the carbonaceous material is combusted with the O.sub.2 gas to generate heat and CO gas. The CO gas is subjected to the second combustion with the O.sub.2 gas to additionally generate heat, and the metal-containing material is melted and refined by both the generated heat and carbon. The method is characterized in that O.sub.2 gas or O.sub.2 -containing gas is blown into the furnace through large-diameter tuyeres installed near the bottom of the furnace and a part of the O.sub.

Abstract: Metal oxide ore is subjected to smelting reduction to obtain the molten metal by a method which comprises prereducing said ore in solid state in a prereduction furnace, thereafter melting said ore and carrying out final reduction thereof in a smelting reduction furnace, and at the same time introducing gas generated in said smelting reduction furnace and having reductive capability into said prereduction furnace, the rate of prereducing said ore in said prereduction furnace being controlled at a value with a maximum of the order of 33 percent for raising the rate of utilization of energy to a maximum limit.

Abstract: A metal-making apparatus is suited for the production of molten iron from iron ore which is in a state of particles with a wide range in size. Included are a solid-state prereduction furnace for preliminarily reducing the raw ore particles in a solid state, and a smelting reduction furnace for smelting the prereduced ore particles and reducing them in a molten state. High temperature reducing gas generated within the smelting reduction furnace is directed into the prereduction furnace and blown up through a distributor on which there is loaded a charge of raw ore particles. The ore particles of larger size form a fluidized bed on the distributor and so are prereduced by making intimate contact with the gas. Ore particles of smaller size, on the other hand, are carried away from the fluidized bed by the waste gas and thereby prereduced while being recirculated through the prereduction furnace.

Abstract: A washing apparatus, particularly for use on airplanes, comprising a carriage, a support, a mechanism connecting the carriage with the support for moving the support up and down on the carriage, a swing arm extending generally horizontally, a frame pivotably mounted on the swing arm and extending upwardly from the swing arm, a brush rotatably mounted on the upper end of the frame, and a mechanism connecting the swing arm to the support for swinging movement of the swing arm on the support. The apparatus may further include a cover at least partially surrounding the brush.

Abstract: A converter vessel is coaxially surrounded by a trunnion ring carried by a pair of trunnions for rotary or tilting motion about a horizontal axis. In order to permit rotation of the vessel relative to the trunnion ring about the vessel axis at right angles with the noted horizontal axis, two annular rows of support elements such as rollers are mounted on the trunnion ring and engaged with respective annular tires on the vessel so as to bear its radial load. Two other annular rows of rollers or like support elements are also mounted on the trunnion ring and engaged with the respective tires so as to bear the axial vessel load. Several identical drive mechanisms are compactly mounted within the trunnion ring for revolving the vessel through a gear drive, friction drive, or chain drive.

Abstract: A converter vessel is coaxially surrounded by a trunnion ring carried by a pair of trunnions for rotary or tilting motion about a horizontal axis. In order to permit rotation of the vessel relative to the trunnion ring about the vessel axis at right angles with the noted horizontal axis, two annular rows of support elements such as rollers are mounted on the trunnion ring and engaged with respective annular tires on the vessel so as to bear its radial load. Two other annular rows of rollers or like support elements are also mounted on the trunnion ring and engaged with the respective tires so as to bear the axial vessel load. Several identical drive mechanisms are compactly mounted within the trunnion ring for revolving the vessel through a gear drive, friction drive, or chain drive.

Abstract: A converter vessel is coaxially surrounded by a trunnion ring carried by a pair of trunnions for rotary or tilting motion about a horizontal axis. In order to permit rotation of the vessel relative to the trunnion ring about the vessel axis at right angles with the noted horizontal axis, two annular rows of support elements such as rollers are mounted on the trunnion ring and engaged with respective annular tires on the vessel so as to bear its radial load. Two other annular rows of rollers or like support elements are also mounted on the trunnion ring and engaged with the respective tires so as to bear the axial vessel load. Several identical drive mechanisms are compactly mounted within the trunnion ring for revolving the vessel through a gear drive, friction drive, or chain drive.

Abstract: For sampling, and/or measuring the temperature of, the molten metal within a furnace such as a steel converter, a probe is inserted into the furnace through an opening formed at or in the adjacency of its bottom. An inert gas, either singly or in combination with oxygen and a hydrocarbon gas such as propane, butane, and natural gas, is constantly blown into the furnace through the opening in order to prevent the influx of the molten metal.