Abstract: A input apparatus for vehicle-installed instruments includes main input unit (operation unit) being placed in the proximity of a driver's seat for a user (driver) to switch a plurality of indicators displayed on a display screen into a selection mode and select any desired one of the indicators, thereby operating a vehicle-installed instrument. The main input unit includes leg parts and a palm support part extended in a lateral direction from the upper ends of the leg parts, a plurality of operation switches are placed on the opposite side of either of the leg parts to the extension direction, and an operation dial is placed on a side of the palm support part, enabling the user to move the indicators displayed on the display screen and switch one of the indicators into a selection mode by operating the operation switches and the operation dial.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a plurality of first developing devices for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member at a developing position using a developer which includes a toner and a carrier; a rotatable member rotatable in a path including the first developing position, for supporting the plurality of first developing devices, wherein each of the plurality of first developing devices is effective to discharge excess developer produced by receiving the developer including the toner and the carrier to outside of each of the plurality of first developer devices using a rotation of the rotatable member; and a second developer container for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member at a second developing position using a developer including a toner, wherein the second developing device is disposed at a position so as to be non-rotatably adjacent to the image bearing member.

Abstract: In a developing assembly having a developer container, a developer-carrying member, a developer layer thickness control member, a magnetic-field formation device and an agitation member, the developer is a two-component developer which contains at least a binder resin, a colorant, an organometallic compound and a wax and has wax-dispersed non-magnetic toner particles with an average particle diameter of from 2 &mgr;m to 10 &mgr;m and a magnetic carrier. The developer-carrying member is a member which has been subjected to surface blasting with spherical particles to have a surface having a ten-point average roughness Rz in a range from D/6 to D/2 where D is the average particle diameter of the magnetic carrier. The magnetic carrier has a magnetization intensity in a range of 8 Am2/kg to 50 Am2/kg in a magnetic field of 7.95775 kA/m.

Abstract: A input apparatus for vehicle-installed instruments includes main input unit (operation unit) being placed in the proximity of a driver's seat for a user (driver) to switch a plurality of indicators displayed on a display screen into a selection mode and select any desired one of the indicators, thereby operating a vehicle-installed instrument. The main input unit includes leg parts and a palm support part extended in a lateral direction from the upper ends of the leg parts, a plurality of operation switches are placed on the opposite side of either of the leg parts to the extension direction, and an operation dial is placed on a side of the palm support part, enabling the user to move the indicators displayed on the display screen and switch one of the indicators into a selection mode by operating the operation switches and the operation dial.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a first developer container for containing toner and carrier particles and for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member at a developing station; a rotatable member for rotating the first developer container along a path extending through the developing station, wherein the first developer container is effective to discharge residual matter produced by receiving the toner and carrier particles to outside of the first developer container using a rotation of the rotatable member; a first stretch that the second developer container for containing toner particles and for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member, wherein the second developer container is disposed at a position different from that of the developing station.

Abstract: In a developing assembly having a developer container, a developer-carrying member, a developer layer thickness control member, a magnetic-field formation means and an agitation means, the developer is a two-component developer which contains at least a binder resin, a colorant, an organometallic compound and a wax and has wax-dispersed non-magnetic toner particles with an average particle diameter of from 2 &mgr;m to 10 &mgr;m and a magnetic carrier, and the developer-carrying member has been subjected to surface blasting with spherical particles to have a surface having a ten-point average roughness Rz of from D/6 to D/2 where D is the average particle diameter of the magnetic carrier.

Abstract: A developing apparatus for an image forming apparatus forms an electrostatic latent image corresponding to an image information signal on an image bearing member. The developing apparatus includes a developer carrying member which bears and conveys a two-component developer containing a non-magnetic toner and a magnetic carrier for forming a toner image by developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member. Convexities and concavities are formed on a surface of the developer carrying member. An average peak-to-peak spacing (Sm) of the convexities and concavities is set at ⅓ to 6 times of a weight-average particle diameter of the magnetic carrier (D) (D/3≦Sm≦6*D). An average roughness at ten points (Rz) on the surface of the developer carrying member is set at {fraction (1/10)} to ½ times of the weight-average particle diameter of the magnetic carrier. A number of concavities which are 1 &mgr;m to 10 &mgr;m wide and 0.

Abstract: A developing apparatus for an image forming apparatus has means for forming an electrostatic latent image corresponding to an image information signal on an image bearing member having: a developer carrying member which bears and conveys a two-component developer containing a non-magnetic toner and a magnetic carrier for forming a toner image by developing the electrostatic latent image on the image bearing member. The convexities and concavities are formed on a surface of the developer carrying member, and an average peak-to-peak spacing (Sm) of the convexities and concavities is set at ⅓ to 6 times of a weight-average particle diameter of said magnetic carrier (D) (D/3≦Sm≦6*D), average roughness at ten points (Rz) on the surface of the developer carrying member is set at {fraction (1/10)} to ½ times of the weight-average particle diameter of the magnetic carrier and a number of concavities which are 1 &mgr;m to 10 &mgr;m wide and 0.