Abstract: A precursor to an electron source, having a capability for extending the life of an image display device by substantially preventing 1) a degradation in a degree of vacuum provided in an image display apparatus, 2) short-circuiting between adjacent wire electrodes via a getter, and 3) a degradation in performance characteristics of the electron source, even when used for a long time period. The electron source is for coupling to an image display member to form an image display apparatus, and the image display member is for displaying an image in response to being irradiated by electrons. The precursor preferably comprises a substrate, and an antistatic film provided on a surface of the substrate at a region where electron emitting devices are to be disposed on the precursor to form the electron source, but not on a region of that surface to be coupled to the image display member.

Abstract: The invention provides colored fine resin particles useful as coloring materials for inks which can provide images having good water fastness, weather fastness and rub-off resistance and are excellent in dispersion stability, and a production process thereof. The colored fine resin particles have a structure in which a pigment coated with a water-insoluble resin is encapsulated with a copolymer composed of at least a polymerizable unsaturated monomer and a reactive emulsifier.

Abstract: An electron source includes a substrate, a coating layer provided on the substrate, plural electron emission elements disposed on the coating layer, and a metal for connecting the plural electron emission elements. The electron emission element includes a conductive film including the electron emission part disposed on the coating layer, with the conductive film being connected to a wiring line with a conductive member for blocking the metals contained in the wiring lines from being transferred to the conductive film.

Abstract: The invention provides colored fine resin particles useful as coloring materials for inks which can provide images having good water fastness, weather fastness and rub-off resistance and are excellent in dispersion stability, and a production process thereof. The colored fine resin particles have a structure in which a pigment coated with a water-insoluble resin is encapsulated with a copolymer composed of at least a polymerizable unsaturated monomer and a reactive emulsifier.

Abstract: An electron source includes a substrate, a coating layer provided on the substrate, plural electron emission elements disposed on the coating layer, and a metal for connecting the plural electron emission elements. The electron emission element includes a conductive film including the electron emission part disposed on the coating layer, with the conductive film being connected to a wiring line with a conductive member for blocking the metals contained in the wiring lines from being transferred to the conductive film.

Abstract: A precursor to an electron source, having a capability for extending the life of an image display device by substantially preventing 1) a degradation in a degree of vacuum provided in an image display apparatus, 2) short-circuiting between adjacent wire electrodes via a getter, and 3) a degradation in performance characteristics of the electron source, even when used for a long time period. The electron source is for coupling to an image display member to form an image display apparatus, and the image display member is for displaying an image in response to being irradiated by electrons. The precursor preferably comprises a substrate, and an antistatic film provided on a surface of the substrate at a region where electron emitting devices are to be disposed on the precursor to form the electron source, but not on a region of that surface to be coupled to the image display member.

Abstract: A display device is constituted by a pair of substrates at least one of which is provided with a display electrode. The display electrode comprises an electroconductive transparent film comprising indium oxide and/or tin oxide and having a surface unevenness of at most 30 Å. The transparent film may preferably be an ITO film containing an amorphous component. The transparent film is effective in improving a surface flatness allowing a good alignment control performance while retaining a good transmittance and a low sheet resistance and is readily etched with weak acid to suppress peeling of an underlying layer thereof and an occurrence of microcracks therein.

Abstract: In a transfer printing apparatus having a blade-form ink extender and an ink extension member for extending an ink thereon in association with the ink extender, there is provided a means for removing an excess of the ink from the ink extender and/or and the ink extension member. The transfer printing apparatus is suitably used for forming a film of an organic polymer or an inorganic oxide in a process for production of a liquid crystal device.

Abstract: An aqueous mixture etchant containing hydroiodic acid and ferric chloride is suitable for etching ITO to form a minute electrode pattern as used in a liquid crystal display device. When the etchant has caused a decrease in etching performance due to a compositional change, it can be effectively regenerated by replenishing appropriate amounts of hydrochloric acid and pure water, or an appropriate amount of a dilute hydrochloric acid at a constant concentration, while minimizing the use of hydroiodic acid and ferric chloride which are rather expensive compared with hydrochloric acid and pure water.

Abstract: An ITO (indium tin oxide) film on a substrate is effectively etched by an etchant which is an aqueous solution containing hydrogen iodide and ferric chloride to form an electrode plate structure for liquid crystal display device. The etchant does not corrode an Mo or Mo alloy film and accordingly can selectively etch the ITO film already carrying thereon a pattern of Mo or Mo alloy forming an auxiliary electrode for compensating for the resistivity of the ITO film. The etchant is also effective for etching of the ITO film formed on an organic layer.

Abstract: An ITO (indium tin oxide) film on a substrate is effectively etched by an etchant which is an aqueous solution containing hydrogen iodide and ferric chloride to form an electrode plate structure for liquid crystal display device. The etchant does not corrode an Mo or Mo alloy film and accordingly can selectively etch the ITO film already carrying thereon a pattern of Mo or Mo alloy forming an auxiliary electrode for compensating for the resistivity of the ITO film. The etchant is also effective for etching of the ITO film formed on an organic layer.