Abstract: An image heating apparatus for heating an image formed on a recording material, includes a heating member; a flexible member movable in contact with the heating member; an elastic roller for forming a nip with the heating member with the flexible member interposed therebetween; wherein a pressure in the nip increases to a maximum peak toward downstream substantially without decreasing with respect to a moving direction of the recording material, wherein the heating member is disposed upstream of the maximum peak portion with respect to the moving direction of the recording material.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring a state of a substrate processing in a substrate processing apparatus for processing the substrate is connected thereto through a network. The apparatus for monitoring the substrate processing includes an input unit for receiving at least a recipe set value, an upper limit and a lower limit inputted for each of a plurality of control items for defining the substrate processing, and a first PCA calculation unit for calculating, as a threshold value for detecting an abnormality of the substrate processing, a PCA output value based on at least the set value, the upper limit and the lower limit for each of the plurality of control items, received by the input unit.

Abstract: To provide metal-containing fine particles having good dispersion stability, which have their surface coated with dispersants vaporizable even during firing at low temperatures, a fine particle dispersion having the above metal-containing fine particles dispersed therein, and an electroconductive metal-containing material having an excellent volume resistivity formed by using the fine particle dispersion. Metal-containing fine particles with their surface coated with at least two dispersants having different vaporization temperatures.

Abstract: The image-forming apparatus and an image-forming method of the present invention stably provides a high-quality image having a surface with a uniform gloss value, without reduction in image density, and with good fixability. The image-forming apparatus and image-forming method of the present invention provide are characterized in that white toner or transparent toner is used under the conditions that the storage elastic modulus of the white toner or transparent toner at a saturated temperature in a fixing nip at the time of an fixing step is set to be higher than the storage elastic modulus at a saturated temperature in the fixing nip of each colored toner at the time of the fixing step, and that the storage elastic modulus G?(T)(W) or G?(T)(To) at the saturated temperature in the fixing nip of the white toner or the transparent toner at the time of the fixing step is in the range of 1.0×104 to 1.0×106 dyn/cm2.

Abstract: It is to provide fine particles of copper, nickel or palladium hydride having an average particle diameter of at most 50 nm, which are hardly oxidized in the atmosphere and are excellent in storage stability and are thereby very suitable for formation of metallic materials, and their production process. Further, it is to provide a dispersion containing fine particles of copper, nickel or palladium hydride, which is excellent in storage stability, and a metallic material obtained by applying the dispersion, followed by baking. The fine particles of copper, nickel or palladium hydride and the dispersion thereof, to be obtained by the present invention, are applicable to various applications, and they can be used for e.g. formation and repair of printed wiring, etc. employing a dispersion, interlayer wiring in semiconductor packages, and joining of printed wiring boards and electronic components.

Abstract: The flux densities formed by plural electromagnet poles M1 to M12 which are arranged at a predetermined interval in a circumferential direction of a rotary body 1 at the same position in an axial direction of the rotary body 1 are gradually changed in the circumferential direction of the rotary body. Even if there is a difference between the maximum value of the flux density and the minimum value, the change of the flux densities between the adjacent electromagnet poles is small and smooth. Accordingly satisfactory detective sensitivity and detection results can be obtained.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus for heating an image formed on a recording material, includes a heating member; a flexible member movable in contact with the heating member; an elastic roller for forming a nip with the heating member with the flexible member interposed therebetween; wherein a pressure in the nip increases to a maximum peak toward downstream substantially without decreasing with respect to a moving direction of the recording material, wherein the heating member is disposed upstream of the maximum peak portion with respect to the moving direction of the recording material.

Abstract: A low-reflectance conductive film and a colored low-reflectance conductive film for improving conductivity, suppressing the lowering of conductivity with time, maintaining the reflectance and abrasion resistance, and having a low reflectance function, manufacturing methods thereof, and a substrate provided therewith are provided. The low-reflectance conductive film is made of at least two films, a conductive film containing therein conductive fine particles and a low-refraction film with a lower refractive index than the conductive film, formed on the conductive film, with a resistance-lowering material being contained in the conductive film. A low-reflectance conductive film manufacturing method for forming a low-reflectance conductive film by coating onto a substrate a conductive film forming coating liquid which contains therein conductive fine particles and then coating a low-refraction film forming coating liquid which contains therein a resistance-lowering material.

Abstract: The flux densities formed by plural electromagnet poles M1 to M12 which are arranged at a predetermined interval in a circumferential direction of a rotary body 1 at the same position in an axial direction of the rotary body 1 are gradually changed in the circumferential direction of the rotary body. Even if there is a difference between the maximum value of the flux density and the minimum value, the change of the flux densities between the adjacent electromagnet poles is small and smooth. Accordingly satisfactory detective sensitivity and detection results can be obtained.

Abstract: A rotor includes four magnetic poles provided in a rotational direction at intervals of 90 degrees. A stator includes a winding group for rotation and a winding group for levitation. Each of the winding groups has concentrated windings spaced at intervals of 30 degrees in a rotational direction to provide induction conductive winding sections at twelve locations. Each two of the induction conductive winding sections spaced at an interval of 90 degrees among the twelve induction conductive winding sections are connected to form one winding set such that six winding sets are formed in total in each of the winding groups. Current for rotation and current for levitation are conducted through the six winding sets in the windings for rotation and levitation to perform rotation and levitation controls of the rotor.

Abstract: A rotor includes four magnetic poles provided in a rotational direction at intervals of 90 degrees. A stator includes a winding group for rotation and a winding group for levitation. Each of the winding groups has concentrated windings spaced at intervals of 30 degrees in a rotational direction to provide induction conductive winding sections at twelve locations. Each two of the induction conductive winding sections spaced at an interval of 90 degrees among the twelve induction conductive winding sections are connected to form one winding set such that six winding sets are formed in total in each of the winding groups. Current for rotation and current for levitation are conducted through the six winding sets in the windings for rotation and levitation to perform rotation and levitation controls of the rotor.

Abstract: A coating solution for forming a colored thin film, which contains a metal oxide containing nitrogen.

Abstract: A conductive film consisting essentially of oxides of Ru and In.