Abstract: A single-focus optical system includes a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a third lens unit having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit includes either a first sub unit, a second sub unit, and a third sub unit, or one positive lens component in addition to the first sub unit, the second sub unit, and the third sub unit. The first sub-unit includes one negative lens component or a plurality of negative lens components, the second sub-unit includes two meniscus lens components, and the third sub-unit includes a plurality of positive lens components. The third lens unit includes a front side sub-unit and a rear side sub-unit. The front side sub-unit includes only a positive lens component.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes an aperture stop, a first cemented lens, a second cemented lens, and a third cemented lens, and the first cemented lens is positioned closer to the enlargement side than the aperture stop is, the second cemented lens is positioned on the reduction side and adjacent to a predetermined lens unit is, and the third cemented lens is positioned closer to the reduction side than the aperture stop is, the predetermined lens unit has a negative refractive power and includes all of lenses located from a lens positioned closest to the enlargement side to the first cemented lens, the first cemented lens includes a positive lens and a negative lens, the second cemented lens includes a negative lens and a positive lens, and the third cemented lens includes a positive lens and a negative lens.

Abstract: It is made possible for a user to set whether to download data used by a program without waiting for the acceptance of a download permission or download the data in response to the acceptance of the download permission via a screen that allows for making the setting for a plurality of programs. An input/output control section (90) accepts, from the user, a setting as to whether to select an automatic download state or a manual download state via a screen that allows for doing so for a plurality of programs. If the setting of selecting the automatic download state is accepted, an item management section (96) downloads the data from a server without waiting for the acceptance of the download permission from the user when a predetermined condition is satisfied. If the setting of selecting the manual download state is accepted, the item management section (96) downloads the data from the server in response to the acceptance of the download permission from the user when the predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: An optical system which forms an optical image on an image pickup element, comprising in order from an object side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, which includes a plurality of lenses, a stop, and a second lens unit which includes a plurality of lenses, wherein the first lens unit includes a first object-side lens which is disposed nearest to an object, and the second lens unit includes a second image-side lens which is disposed nearest to an image, and the first lens unit includes a negative lens, and a positive lens which is disposed on the object side of the negative lens, and the following conditional expressions are satisfied: ???1.1??(15) 0.08<NA??(16) 1.0<WD/BF??(19) 0.5<2×(WD×tan(sin?1NA)+Yobj)/?s<4.0.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes, a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, a third lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power, the first lens unit includes a first negative lens and a first cemented lens, the second lens unit G2 includes a second cemented lens, one or more positive lens components, and a third cemented lens, and the first cemented lens includes a negative lens and has a surface having a concave surface facing toward the reduction side, the second cemented lens has a positive refractive power and has a surface having a concave surface facing toward the enlargement side, and the third cemented lens has a positive refractive power and includes a negative lens on the reduction side.

Abstract: A timing at which communication is to be attempted subsequently is set such that a timing when an information processing apparatus is incommunicatable with a communication counterpart and communication is not carried out is later than a timing when a condition different from the condition that the information apparatus is incommunicatable with a communication counterpart is satisfied and communication is not carried out. When communication with a server is impossible, a timing is set later by a time period than the communication timing as a new communication timing but sets, if a predetermined condition different from a condition that communication with the server is impossible is satisfied, a timing later by a time period, which is shorter than the time period, than the communication timing as a new communication timing.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit, and a fifth lens unit, and the first lens unit includes a first negative lens and a first cemented lens, the second lens unit includes a second cemented lens and one or more positive lens components, the third lens unit includes one or more positive lens components and a third cemented lens, and the first cemented lens includes a negative lens closest to the reduction side and has a concave surface facing the reduction side, the second cemented lens has a positive refractive power and has a concave surface facing the enlargement side, the third cemented lens has a positive refractive power and has a negative lens on the reduction side.

Abstract: An image forming lens system includes a front lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a rear lens unit, and does not include any other lens unit. The front lens unit includes a first lens unit having a positive refractive power and a second lens unit having a negative refractive power. Each of the first lens unit and the second lens unit includes a positive lens and a negative lens. The second lens unit is a focusing lens unit. The rear lens unit includes a positive lens and a negative lens. The second lens unit is the only lens unit that moves, in the front lens unit, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2?) are satisfied: 0.5<fFF/f<1.65??(1) 0?|f/rG2b|<6.5??(2?).

Abstract: A single-focus optical system includes a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a third lens unit having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit includes at least a first sub-unit, a second sub-unit, and a third sub-unit. The first sub-unit includes one of, a one negative lens component and a plurality of negative lens components that are continuous, the second sub-unit includes two meniscus lens components having respective concave surfaces thereof facing mutually, and the third sub-unit includes a plurality of positive lens components disposed closest to the reduction side in the third sub unit. The second lens unit includes one negative lens component. The third lens unit includes negative lens, and also includes a positive lens component closest to the enlargement side. All air spaces in the first lens unit are constant.

Abstract: A single-focus optical system includes in order from an enlargement side, a first lens unit, and a second lens unit having a positive refractive power. A lens component is one of a single lens and a cemented lens. The first lens unit includes a reduction-side negative lens component closest to the reduction side, and in addition, the first lens unit includes not less than three negative lens components including the reduction-side negative lens component. The second lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a front side sub-unit and a rear side sub-unit. The front side sub-unit includes only a positive lens component, and the rear side sub-unit includes at least a negative lens.

Abstract: A single-focus optical system includes a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a third lens unit having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit includes at least a first sub-unit, a second sub-unit, and a third sub-unit. The first sub-unit includes a negative lens component, the second sub-unit includes two meniscus lens components, and the third sub-unit includes a plurality of positive lens components. The third lens unit includes a front side sub-unit and a rear side sub-unit, and the front side sub-unit includes only a positive lens component. At the time of focusing, the first lens unit is fixed, the second lens unit is movable, and the rear side sub-unit is fixed.

Abstract: A single-focus optical system includes in order from an enlargement side, a first lens unit, and a second lens unit having a positive refractive power. A lens component is one of a single lens and a cemented lens. The first lens unit includes a reduction-side negative lens component closest to the reduction side, and in addition, the first lens unit includes not less than three negative lens components including the reduction-side negative lens component. The second lens unit includes in order from the enlargement side, a first positive lens, a second positive lens, a first negative lens, and a third positive lens, and all airspaces in the second lens unit are constant at a time of focusing.

Abstract: A single-focus optical system includes a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a third lens unit having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit includes a reduction-side lens component closest to the reduction side, and a shape of the reduction-side lens component is a meniscus shape having a convex surface directed toward the enlargement side. The second lens unit includes a cemented lens of a meniscus shape having a convex surface directed toward the reduction side, and a plurality of positive lens components. The cemented lens in the second lens unit includes a negative lens and a positive lens. The third lens unit includes a negative lens component closest to the enlargement side. All air spaces in the first lens unit and in the second lens unit are constant at the time of focusing.

Abstract: A microscope objective includes three groups that are in a positive-negative-positive configuration. The first lens group includes a plurality of cemented lenses, and includes, closest to the object, a meniscus lens having its concave surface on the object side. The second lens group includes a first meniscus lens component having its concave surface on the image side and a second meniscus lens component having its concave surface on the object side. At least one of the lens components of the third lens group is a cemented lens.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes an aperture stop, a first cemented lens, a second cemented lens, and a third cemented lens, and the first cemented lens is positioned closer to the enlargement side than the aperture stop is, the second cemented lens is positioned on the reduction side and adjacent to a predetermined lens unit is, and the third cemented lens is positioned closer to the reduction side than the aperture stop is, the predetermined lens unit has a negative refractive power and includes all of lenses located from a lens positioned closest to the enlargement side to the first cemented lens, the first cemented lens includes a positive lens and a negative lens, the second cemented lens includes a negative lens and a positive lens, and the third cemented lens includes a positive lens and a negative lens.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes, a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, a third lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power, the first lens unit includes a first negative lens and a first cemented lens, the second lens unit G2 includes a second cemented lens, one or more positive lens components, and a third cemented lens, and the first cemented lens includes a negative lens and has a surface having a concave surface facing toward the reduction side, the second cemented lens has a positive refractive power and has a surface having a concave surface facing toward the enlargement side, and the third cemented lens has a positive refractive power and includes a negative lens on the reduction side.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit, and a fifth lens unit, and the first lens unit includes a first negative lens and a first cemented lens, the second lens unit includes a second cemented lens and one or more positive lens components, the third lens unit includes one or more positive lens components and a third cemented lens, and the first cemented lens includes a negative lens closest to the reduction side and has a concave surface facing the reduction side, the second cemented lens has a positive refractive power and has a concave surface facing the enlargement side, the third cemented lens has a positive refractive power and has a negative lens on the reduction side.

Abstract: An image forming optical system includes, a negative first lens unit, a positive second lens unit, a negative third lens unit, and a positive fourth lens unit, and the first lens unit either includes a negative lens and a positive lens, or includes a negative lens, a negative lens, and a positive lens, and the second lens unit includes a first lens component and a second lens component, and the second lens component includes a cemented lens, and the third lens unit includes either one lens or two lenses as a whole, and a lens having a curvature of a surface on an image side larger than a curvature of a surface on the object is disposed nearest to an object, and the fourth lens unit includes one positive lens component.

Abstract: The zoom lens comprises, from an object side, a first lens group, a second lens group that includes an aperture stop moving integrally therewith, a third lens group, and a fourth lens group having, respectively, negative, positive, negative, and positive refracting power, and during zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, a spacing between the first and second lens groups becomes narrow, between the second and third lens groups changes, and between the third and fourth lens groups grows wide, and the first lens group includes a first lens having negative refracting power, a second lens having a reflective surface for bending a light ray coming out of an object and a third lens having positive refracting power, and in said second lens group, a most image-plane-side surface of a lens having negative refracting power is configured in a concave shape on an image plane side.

Abstract: An image forming lens system includes a front lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a rear lens unit, and does not include any other lens unit. The front lens unit includes a first lens unit having a positive refractive power and a second lens unit having a negative refractive power. Each of the first lens unit and the second lens unit includes a positive lens and a negative lens. The second lens unit is a focusing lens unit. The rear lens unit includes a positive lens and a negative lens. The second lens unit is the only lens unit that moves, in the front lens unit, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2?) are satisfied: 0.5<fFF/f<1.65 ??(1) 0?|f/rG2b|<6.