Abstract: A communication system in which normal communications can be ensured even upon a loss of synchronization on a part of transmission paths configuring a network.

Abstract: A transmitting-end device 1 generates a pilot signal by means of a pilot signal generation section 14, and transmits a pilot signal to a receiving-end device 2. At the receiving-end device 2, a transmission rate modification section 24 detects the transmission band of an optical transmission line 3 based on the amplitude of the pilot signal, and decides a data transmission rate acceptable to the receiving-end device 2 by taking into account the transmission band of the optical transmission line 3. Based on a maximum data transmission data acceptable to the transmitting-end device 1 and the data transmission rate thus decided, a control section 22 in the receiving-end device 2 arbitrates a data transmission rate between the transmitting-end device 1 and the control section 12.

Abstract: A plurality of cameras acquire images of a plurality of reference points located on known positions in a three-dimensional space, an image processor obtains the coordinates of projected points thereof on the respective images, and a plurality of affine cameras having linear relation between the three-dimensional space and images are assumed for calculating how the affine cameras project the respective reference points and correcting the coordinates of the projected points to be consistent with the projected points.