Abstract: A method of and apparatus for reducing smoke emitted from a diesel engine are disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a trap for trapping black smoke particles which is disposed within the exhaust system of the engine, the trap including a ceramic trap assembly having a honeycomb structure in which a catalyst which enables lowering of the combustion temperature of black smoke is carried on internal passage walls; a pressure sensor provided at the inlet of the trap; an engine speed sensor; a butterfly valve provided in the intake system of the engine; and a combination of a controller and an actuator for the butterfly valve.

Abstract: A chain includes a plurality of links, a plurality of pins and bushings for pivotally coupling the links together in cooperating pairs, a replaceable cover embracingly connected to each bushing for protecting the bushings external surface from wear, and a plurality of retaining elements individually on the links or on the bushings for anchoring each of the covers on the respective bushing.