Abstract: An optical receiving device includes an optical coherent detecting unit to cause an optical signal in which a plurality of channels is frequency-multiplexed to interfere with single interference light and perform coherent detection, and output an analog signal, an analog signal separating unit to branch the analog signal from the optical coherent detecting unit by the number of branches of N (N is a natural number of 2 or more) in a frequency domain, and output analog signals branched in the frequency domain as analog signals each of which is frequency-converted into a frequency equal to or lower than a set frequency, and an analog-digital converting unit to perform analog-digital conversion on each of the analog signals branched by the analog signal separating unit and converted into a low frequency, and output resultant signals as digital signals.

Abstract: An optical receiver detects a clock phase of a signal in a time domain whose number of samples has been adjusted, estimates a clock frequency difference from a received signal using a detection value of the clock phase, determines a sampling phase for each FFT depending on an estimation value of the clock frequency difference, selects from a coefficient LUT a filter coefficient associated with a delay amount corresponding to the sampling phase, and multiplies a signal divided by a division unit with the selected filter coefficient.

Abstract: An optical space communication transmitting terminal includes: a plurality of transmitters that form a plurality of groups and transmit optical signals having wavelengths different from each other; multiplexers that are provided to each of the groups and outputs optical signals wavelength-multiplexed by multiplexing the optical signals transmitted from the transmitters belonging to the group; optical amplifiers that are provided to each of the groups and amplifies the wavelength-multiplexed optical signals; and optical antennas that are provided to each of the groups and transmits the amplified optical signals into space, in which the optical antennas of the groups transmit the optical signals in the same direction.

Abstract: A cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention used in a non-combustion suction device having a suction port, has a tank; a first liquid retainer: and a second liquid retainer. The tank is capable of storing liquid. The first liquid retainer is capable of retaining the liquid in the tank and configured to supply the liquid to the heater. The second liquid retainer is in contact with the first liquid retainer and capable of retaining the liquid through the first liquid retainer. The second liquid retainer and the heater are separated from each other.

Abstract: Provided is a tobacco sheet for a non-combustion heating flavor inhaler, the tobacco sheet including a fibrous material.

Abstract: This tobacco sheet for a non-combustion heating-type flavor inhaler contains a tobacco powder having a cumulative 90% particle diameter (D90) of at least 200 ?m in a volume-based particle size distribution as measured by a dry laser diffraction method.

Abstract: A signal processing device processes reception signals of optical signals received by a receiver when the optical signals transmitted from a transmitter are propagated to the receiver via a plurality of paths, and includes: a signal-to-noise ratio calculating unit that calculates signal-to-noise ratios of the optical signals that have been propagated through the respective paths, from propagation distances of the optical signals in the respective paths, intensities of the optical signals transmitted from the transmitter, and intensities of noise with respect to the optical signals transmitted from the transmitter; an amplitude adjusting unit that adjusts amplitudes of the reception signals of the optical signals that have been propagated through the respective paths, using the corresponding signal-to-noise ratios calculated by the signal-to-noise ratio calculating unit; and a signal combining unit that combines the reception signals whose amplitudes have been adjusted by the amplitude adjusting unit.

Abstract: An optical space communications transmission and reception terminal includes: an optical transceiver to convert transmission data into a transmission optical signal modulated at a symbol rate synchronized with a transmission clock signal and output it, and generate received data from a reception optical signal; an intensity modulation unit to generate an intensity-modulated transmission optical signal; a transmission clock source to supply a transmission clock signal; a fiber coupling unit) to output the intensity-modulated transmission optical signal as collimated light and couple the input optical signal to an optical fiber; an optical fiber amplifier to amplify the optical signal coupled to the optical fiber; a tracking mirror to output the optical signal to the fiber coupling unit and output the transmission optical signal to space; and an angle sensor to output a clock signal extracted from the optical signal divided by a beam splitter to the optical transceiver.

Abstract: A receiver is configured to extract a clock signal superimposed on a detection signal of light propagated to determine whether or not SNR of the detection signal is lower than SNR at which the detection signal can be demodulated; compensate a signal value of the detection signal by using a filter coefficient and output a detection signal after signal value compensation; and calculate, as the filter coefficient, a filter coefficient in which a signal value of a detection signal output from the adaptive filter is a reference value when it is determined that there is no SNR degradation, and changes the filter coefficient to a stored filter coefficient when it is determined that SNR degradation occurs.

Abstract: A signal processing device processes reception signals of optical signals received by a receiver when the optical signals transmitted from a transmitter are propagated to the receiver via a plurality of paths, and includes: a signal-to-noise ratio calculating unit that calculates signal-to-noise ratios of the optical signals that have been propagated through the respective paths, from propagation distances of the optical signals in the respective paths, intensities of the optical signals transmitted from the transmitter, and intensities of noise with respect to the optical signals transmitted from the transmitter; an amplitude adjusting unit that adjusts amplitudes of the reception signals of the optical signals that have been propagated through the respective paths, using the corresponding signal-to-noise ratios calculated by the signal-to-noise ratio calculating unit; and a signal combining unit that combines the reception signals whose amplitudes have been adjusted by the amplitude adjusting unit.

Abstract: An optical space communication transmitting terminal includes: a plurality of transmitters that form a plurality of groups and transmit optical signals having wavelengths different from each other; multiplexers that are provided to each of the groups and outputs optical signals wavelength-multiplexed by multiplexing the optical signals transmitted from the transmitters belonging to the group; optical amplifiers that are provided to each of the groups and amplifies the wavelength-multiplexed optical signals; and optical antennas that are provided to each of the groups and transmits the amplified optical signals into space, in which the optical antennas of the groups transmit the optical signals in the same direction.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an optical laminate capable of reducing reflectance not only with respect to light incident vertically but also light incident obliquely, and further capable of obtaining a neutral reflected color tone even when light is incident obliquely. The optical laminate includes a base material, an antireflection film provided on one surface of the base material, and a light shielding film provided on the other surface of the base material. The optical laminate satisfies all of the following characteristics (i) to (iii): 0.5<R(?1a,?1a)/R(?1b,?1b)<1.5;??(i) Y(?2)?3%; and??(ii) Y(?3)?10%;??(iii) in which R (?, ?) designates reflectance when light of a wavelength of ? nm is incident at an angle of ?, provided that ?1a=380 nm, ?1a=60° and ?1b=650 nm, ?1b=60°; and Y (?) designates luminous reflectance at an incident angle of ?, provided that ?2=5° and ?3=60°.

Abstract: A spatial optical transmitter modulates an optical signal of a single wavelength in accordance with a signal to be transmitted, divides the modulated optical signal into two, rotates polarizations of the two divided optical signals, and transmits the two optical signals as optical signals of two orthogonal polarizations to space.

Abstract: A receiver is configured to extract a clock signal superimposed on a detection signal of light propagated to determine whether or not SNR of the detection signal is lower than SNR at which the detection signal can be demodulated; compensate a signal value of the detection signal by using a filter coefficient and output a detection signal after signal value compensation; and calculate, as the filter coefficient, a filter coefficient in which a signal value of a detection signal output from the adaptive filter is a reference value when it is determined that there is no SNR degradation, and changes the filter coefficient to a stored filter coefficient when it is determined that SNR degradation occurs.

Abstract: A coherent receiver performing coherent detection on polarization multiplex light into which first polarization light and second polarization light are multiplexed, and splitting the polarization multiplex light into the first polarization light and the second polarization light, an adaptive equalizer compensating the waveform distortion of a signal superimposed onto the first polarization light by using a first FIR filter, compensating the waveform distortion of a signal superimposed onto the second polarization light by using a second FIR filter, and by decoding each of the signals whose waveform distortion has been compensated, generating their respective decoded data, an error ratio calculator calculating the bit error ratio of each decoded data generated by the adaptive equalizer, a margin calculator calculating a margin from the bit error ratio of an error correction limit in each bit error ratio calculated by the error ratio calculator, and a tap number controller setting up the numbers of taps of the

Abstract: A spatial optical transmitter modulates an optical signal of a single wavelength in accordance with a signal to be transmitted, divides the modulated optical signal into two, rotates polarizations of the two divided optical signals, and transmits the two optical signals as optical signals of two orthogonal polarizations to space.

Abstract: Provided is an optical transmission/reception device (1) for transmitting or receiving an optical signal via a communication path (2) in which a phase change of the optical signal is suppressed. The optical transmission/reception device (1) includes: a transmission device (10) including a framer generation unit (11), a symbol mapping unit (12), and an optical modulation unit (13); and a reception device (20) including an optical reception front end unit (21), an A/D conversion unit (22), a polarization separation unit (23), and a phase estimating unit (24) for estimating a phase of at least one of a plurality of polarizations from a plurality of polarization signals separated by the polarization separation unit (23) and estimating a phase of a remaining polarization on the basis of the estimated phase.

Abstract: A producing method of a base member provided with a printed layer, the method including: disposing a printing plate including a screen plate having an opening pattern and a frame body supporting the screen plate so that the printing plate is opposed to a printing target surface of the base member having at least one bent portion; disposing a squeegee so as to be opposed to a plate surface of the screen plate opposite to the base member; and forming the printed layer by extruding a printing material onto the printing target surface by the squeegee via the opening pattern of the screen plate in a state where the frame body is supported so as to be relatively movable with respect to the printing target surface in a normal direction of the printing target surface.

Abstract: Provided is an optical transmission/reception device (1) for transmitting or receiving an optical signal via a communication path (2) in which a phase change of the optical signal is suppressed. The optical transmission/reception device (1) includes: a transmission device (10) including a framer generation unit (11), a symbol mapping unit (12), and an optical modulation unit (13); and a reception device (20) including an optical reception front end unit (21), an A/D conversion unit (22), a polarization separation unit (23), and a phase estimating unit (24) for estimating a phase of at least one of a plurality of polarizations from a plurality of polarization signals separated by the polarization separation unit (23) and estimating a phase of a remaining polarization on the basis of the estimated phase.

Abstract: A coherent receiver performing coherent detection on polarization multiplex light into which first polarization light and second polarization light are multiplexed, and splitting the polarization multiplex light into the first polarization light and the second polarization light, an adaptive equalizer compensating the waveform distortion of a signal superimposed onto the first polarization light by using a first FIR filter, compensating the waveform distortion of a signal superimposed onto the second polarization light by using a second FIR filter, and by decoding each of the signals whose waveform distortion has been compensated, generating their respective decoded data, an error ratio calculator calculating the bit error ratio of each decoded data generated by the adaptive equalizer, a margin calculator calculating a margin from the bit error ratio of an error correction limit in each bit error ratio calculated by the error ratio calculator, and a tap number controller setting up the numbers of taps of the