Abstract: There is provided an exhaust gas purification device that shows a high HC removal performance under a condition in which a rich air-fuel mixture is introduced. The exhaust gas purification device includes a substrate, a first catalyst layer, and a second catalyst layer. The substrate includes an upstream end and a downstream end. The first catalyst layer is disposed on a surface of the partition wall in an upstream region including the upstream end of the substrate. The second catalyst layer is disposed inside the partition wall in a downstream region including the downstream end of the substrate. The first catalyst layer contains a first metal catalyst and alumina-zirconia composite oxide. The second catalyst layer contains a second metal catalyst.

Abstract: A leaning-vehicle-traveling-state-data-output device includes a physical-quantity-data acquirer configured to acquire physical quantity data concerning a behavior of a leaning vehicle, a vehicle-traveling-state-data generator configured to generate vehicle-traveling-state data based on the physical quantity data and a vehicle-traveling-state-data-output controller configured to output the vehicle-traveling-state data.

Abstract: A leaning-vehicle-real-time-information-presentation-control apparatus includes: a vehicle state detector; a turning motion determiner configured to determine whether a leaning vehicle is turning or not based on a detection result of the vehicle state detector; an individual-driving-skill-criterion setter configured to create an individual-driving-skill criterion during turning of the leaning vehicle; an individual-driving-skill-evaluation-result creator configured to evaluate evaluation-individual-traveling data based on an individual-driving-skill criterion during the turning of the leaning vehicle and to create an individual-driving-skill-evaluation result during traveling of the leaning vehicle; and an output controller configured to output the individual-driving-skill-evaluation result to at least one of an auditory device, a tactile device, or a vision device during the traveling of the leaning vehicle.

Abstract: A method of evaluating a driving skill executed by a computer includes a skill evaluation step of evaluating a driver's driving skill based on a detection value of a vehicle state, a component separating step of separating the detection value of the vehicle state into a driver's operation component reflecting a driver's motion and a non-driver's operation component without reflecting the driver's motion, and a skill evaluation modifying step of correcting or abandoning evaluation of the driving skill based on at least one of an amount of the driver's operation component and an amount of the non-driver's operation component.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer readable medium contains an evaluation program that causes a computer to perform steps of obtaining a vehicle stability score of vehicle driving skills based on measured data, obtaining a turning performance score of the vehicle driving skills based on the measured data, obtaining an overall evaluation result of the vehicle driving skills based on the vehicle stability score and the turning performance score using conversion information, and conveying the overall evaluation result to an output unit. The conversion information defines the overall evaluation result such that the overall evaluation result decreases as the turning performance score increases if the vehicle stability score is lower than a threshold and such that the overall evaluation result increases as the turning performance score increases if the vehicle stability score is higher than the threshold.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer readable medium contains an evaluation program that causes a computer to perform steps of obtaining a vehicle stability score of vehicle driving skills based on measured data, obtaining a turning performance score of the vehicle driving skills based on the measured data, obtaining an overall evaluation result of the vehicle driving skills based on the vehicle stability score and the turning performance score using conversion information, and conveying the overall evaluation result to an output unit. The conversion information defines the overall evaluation result such that the overall evaluation result decreases as the turning performance score increases if the vehicle stability score is lower than a threshold and such that the overall evaluation result increases as the turning performance score increases if the vehicle stability score is higher than the threshold.

Abstract: A method of evaluating a driving skill executed by a computer. includes a skill evaluation step of evaluating a driver's driving skill based on a detection value of a vehicle state, a component separating step of separating the detection value of the vehicle state into a driver's operation component reflecting a driver's motion and a non-driver's operation component without reflecting the driver's motion, and a skill evaluation modifying step of correcting or abandoning evaluation of the driving skill based on at least one of an amount of the driver's operation component and an amount of the non-driver's operation component.

Abstract: A rider characteristic determining apparatus capable of determining characteristics of a rider controlling a saddle riding type vehicle, and a saddle riding type vehicle including the same, are configured such that the rider's characteristics are determined from a turning movement of the saddle riding type vehicle which reflects results of the rider controlling the saddle riding type vehicle. This enables a stable characteristic determination regardless of individual operation or control by the rider. Further, a turning performance score of the vehicle is calculated based on at least one of vehicle state amounts of a roll direction, a pitch direction and a caster angle which influence the steering angle of the saddle riding type vehicle. This enables a proper evaluation of the turning characteristic of the saddle riding type vehicle.

Abstract: A rider characteristic determining apparatus capable of determining characteristics of a rider controlling a saddle riding type vehicle, and a saddle riding type vehicle including the same, are configured such that the rider's characteristics are determined from a turning movement of the saddle riding type vehicle which reflects results of the rider controlling the saddle riding type vehicle. This enables a stable characteristic determination regardless of individual operation or control by the rider. Further, a turning performance score of the vehicle is calculated based on at least one of vehicle state amounts of a roll direction, a pitch direction and a caster angle which influence the steering angle of the saddle riding type vehicle. This enables a proper evaluation of the turning characteristic of the saddle riding type vehicle.

Abstract: A new technical means is provided that can be produced and prepared at low cost, and in which the generation of stagnation in the flow of a liquid sample can be suppressed, microbeads can be smoothly and simply injected, filled and transported and the generation of dust can be also suppressed and a new extracting method for nucleic acid using the new technical means is provided. A microchip has a microchannel (3) formed by groove parts (11, 21) provided in connecting surfaces of upper and lower substrates (1, 2). In the microchannel (3), a gap part (31) in which the section of the channel is reduced is provided in a central part upward and downward, rightward and leftward, or upward and downward and rightward and leftward the section thereof, and microbeads are checked.

Abstract: A new technical means is provided that can be produced and prepared at low cost, and in which the generation of stagnation in the flow of a liquid sample can be suppressed, microbeads can be smoothly and simply injected, filled and transported and the generation of dust can be also suppressed and a new extracting method for nucleic acid using the new technical means is provided. A microchip has a microchannel (3) formed by groove parts (11, 21) provided in connecting surfaces of upper and lower substrates (1, 2). In the microchannel (3), a gap part (31) in which the section of the channel is reduced is provided in a central part upward and downward, rightward and leftward, or upward and downward and rightward and leftward the section thereof, and microbeads are checked.