Abstract: Disclosed is a photoelectric conversion element including a cell. The cell includes an electrode substrate, a counter substrate, an oxide semiconductor layer provided on the electrode substrate, an electrolyte provided between the electrode substrate and the counter substrate, and an annular sealing portion joining the electrode substrate and the counter substrate. The layer includes a main body portion provided inside the sealing portion and on the electrode substrate and extending straight from the electrode substrate toward the counter substrate, and a protruding portion which protrudes from the main body portion toward the sealing portion and does not come into contact with the electrode substrate. A width of a second surface of the layer facing the counter substrate is longer than a width of a first surface which is a boundary surface between the layer and the electrode substrate in a cross section along a thickness direction of the layer.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes: a transparent substrate; a photoelectric conversion cell disposed on one surface of the transparent substrate; and a conductive first current extracting portion disposed on the one surface of the transparent substrate and that extracts a current from the photoelectric conversion cell. The photoelectric conversion cell includes: an electrode disposed on the one surface of the transparent substrate; a counter substrate that faces the electrode and that has a metal substrate; and sealing portion disposed between the transparent substrate and the counter substrate.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes: a transparent substrate; and a photoelectric conversion cell disposed on one surface of the transparent substrate, the photoelectric conversion cell includes: an electrode disposed on the one surface of the transparent substrate; a counter substrate facing the electrode and including a metal substrate; and a sealing portion disposed between the transparent substrate and the counter substrate, and the photoelectric conversion element further includes: a connecting terminal that faces the one surface of the transparent substrate and is disposed an outside of the sealing portion; and a conductive member that includes a wiring part connecting the metal substrate of the photoelectric conversion cell and the connecting terminal.

Abstract: An element includes a first substrate and a layer including a first conductive layer with a first conductive portion and a second conductive layer. The element includes a cell including the first conductive portion, a second substrate and a sealing portion. A groove is formed between the first and second conductive layers, the element includes an insulating layer provided between the sealing portion and the first substrate, and an outer circumferential edge of the insulating layer is provided to surround the entire sealing portion. The insulating layer covers and hides a portion of the first conductive layer, which protrudes outside the sealing portion, inside from the outer circumferential edge of the insulating layer and outside the sealing portion, enters the groove and covers a part of the second conductive layer, and the rest of the second conductive layer is exposed.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion cell includes: an electrode substrate; a counter substrate facing the electrode substrate; a ring-shaped sealing portion bonding the electrode substrate with the counter substrate; and an electrolyte disposed inside the ring-shaped sealing portion. The sealing portion includes: a ring-shaped first resin sealing portion adhered to the electrode substrate; and a ring-shaped second resin sealing portion. The counter substrate is sandwiched between the first and second resin sealing portions. Each of the first and second resin sealing portions includes a thermoplastic resin. A melting point of the second resin sealing portion is higher than a melting point of the first resin sealing portion. The first resin sealing portion includes: a first main body part adhered to the electrode substrate; and a first protrusion part disposed on a side of the first main body part facing a direction opposite to the electrode substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoelectric conversion element including a cell. The cell includes an electrode substrate, a counter substrate, an oxide semiconductor layer provided on the electrode substrate, an electrolyte provided between the electrode substrate and the counter substrate, and an annular sealing portion joining the electrode substrate and the counter substrate. The layer includes a main body portion provided inside the sealing portion and on the electrode substrate and extending straight from the electrode substrate toward the counter substrate, and a protruding portion which protrudes from the main body portion toward the sealing portion and does not come into contact with the electrode substrate. A width of a second surface of the layer facing the counter substrate is longer than a width of a first surface which is a boundary surface between the layer and the electrode substrate in a cross section along a thickness direction of the layer.

Abstract: An element includes a first substrate and a layer including a first conductive layer with a first conductive portion and a second conductive layer. The element includes a cell including the first conductive portion, a second substrate and a sealing portion. A groove is formed between the first and second conductive layers, the element includes an insulating layer provided between the sealing portion and the first substrate, and an outer circumferential edge of the insulating layer is provided to surround the entire sealing portion. The insulating layer covers and hides a portion of the first conductive layer, which protrudes outside the sealing portion, inside from the outer circumferential edge of the insulating layer and outside the sealing portion, enters the groove and covers a part of the second conductive layer, and the rest of the second conductive layer is exposed.

Abstract: A flowcell 2 is constituted of insulating substrates 2a and 2b. The two substrates 2a and 2b have been directly bonded to each other by a bonding method for attaining tenacious bonding, for example, anodic bonding or hydrofluoric acid bonding. A channel 6 has been formed at the interface between the substrates 2a and 2b. Part of the substrate 2a which faces the channel 6 has a carbon electrode 4a formed thereon by sintering a pasty carbon material, the electrode 4a extending along the channel 6. On the other hand, the substrate 2b has a groove 6a serving as the channel 6, and has an electrode 4b made of a metal film formed on a bottom surface of the groove 6a.

Abstract: A flowcell 2 is constituted of insulating substrates 2a and 2b. The two substrates 2a and 2b have been directly bonded to each other by a bonding method for attaining tenacious bonding, for example, anodic bonding or hydrofluoric acid bonding. A channel 6 has been formed at the interface between the substrates 2a and 2b. Part of the substrate 2a which faces the channel 6 has a carbon electrode 4a formed thereon by sintering a pasty carbon material, the electrode 4a extending along the channel 6. On the other hand, the substrate 2b has a groove 6a serving as the channel 6, and has an electrode 4b made of a metal film formed on a bottom surface of the groove 6a.

Abstract: A gas refrigerator including a driving section comprises a first piston-cylinder mechanism for compressing a gaseous refrigerating medium and a second piston-cylinder mechanism for compressing a gaseous driving medium, the first and second piston-cylinder mechanisms being driven with a phase difference of approximately 90.degree., and a refrigerating section comprising a cylinder and a floating piston disposed in the cylinder to define an expansion chamber at one end and a driving chamber at the other end. The first and second piston-cylinder mechanisms respectively communicate through conduits which may be constructed of flexible material, with the expansion and driving chambers. A gas cooling device is provided in the first piston-cylinder mechanism.