Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a polarizer having a high degree of alignment and an image display device including the polarizer. A polarizer of the present invention is a polarizer formed of a polarizer-forming composition containing a liquid crystal compound, a first dichroic material, and a second dichroic material, in which the polarizer has an array structure formed of the first dichroic material and the second dichroic material.

Abstract: An endoscope illumination unit includes: an incident part into which illuminating light guided via a light guide enters; a light guide body that includes an annular section having an inner peripheral surface and that guides the illuminating light having entered via the incident part and emits the illuminating light from an outer surface of the annular section; and a reflective sheet that has opposite end portions and that is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the annular section and scatters the illuminating light, having entered the light guide body, within the annular section. The opposite end portions of the reflective sheet bent in conformity to the inner peripheral surface of the annular section is positioned at a portion of the inner peripheral surface remote from the incident part.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion; a first projecting portion; a second projecting portion; an illumination window disposed on an outer peripheral surface side of the first projecting portion, the illumination window being disposed about an axis along a longitudinal axis direction of the insertion portion, the illumination window having a light emitting surface from which an illumination light for illuminating an inside of a subject is emitted in a direction which includes a sideward direction of the insertion portion; and a mask configured to restrict sideward emission of the illumination light from the illumination window, wherein the mask has a shape inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis direction so as to increase a quantity of the illumination light emitted toward the second projecting portion from a distal end side toward a proximal end side of a distal end portion of the insertion portion.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing lens having a high luminous transmittance and degree of polarization with astigmatism kept low, and a polarizing film and a polarizing lens. The method for producing a polarizing lens includes: contracting a polarizing film at a maximum rate of contraction of 5% or more and 30% or less under moist conditions; processing the polarizing film into a curve; drying the polarizing film at temperature T1; providing a mold having a cavity in which the polarizing film is placed in the inside; injecting a curable composition into the cavity; curing the curable composition to obtain a polarizing lens in which the polarizing film is placed in the inside; and annealing the polarizing lens at temperature T2, wherein a relationship between the temperature T1 and the temperature T2 satisfies the following expression (1): T1>T2 . . . (1).

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing lens having a high luminous transmittance and degree of polarization with astigmatism kept low, and a polarizing film and a polarizing lens. The method for producing a polarizing lens includes: contracting a polarizing film at a maximum rate of contraction of 14% or more and 30% or less under moist conditions; processing the polarizing film into a curve; drying the polarizing film; providing a mold having a cavity in which the polarizing film is placed in the inside; injecting a curable composition into the cavity; curing the curable composition to obtain a polarizing lens in which the polarizing film is placed in the inside; and annealing the polarizing lens.

Abstract: A novel polarizing lens includes a lens base material having: a first lens element part constituting an object-side surface; a second lens element part constituting an eyeball-side surface; and a polarizing film disposed between the first lens element part and the second lens element part, wherein the polarizing lens has a luminous transmittance of 30% or more, a degree of polarization of 90% or more, and astigmatism of 0.14 or less.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, a third lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power. At the time of zooming, distances between lenses vary. A distance between the first lens unit and the second lens unit becomes smaller at a telephoto end than at a wide angle end, and a distance between the second lens unit and the third lens unit becomes longer at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end, and the following conditional expressions (1), (2), and (3) are satisfied: 0.4<|f1|/|f2|<1.2??(1) 0.3<L2/L1<0.95??(2) 0.6<Lt/Lw<1??(3).

Abstract: An endoscope includes an insertion portion; a first projecting portion; a second projecting portion; an illumination window disposed on an outer peripheral surface side of the first projecting portion, the illumination window being disposed about an axis along a longitudinal axis direction of the insertion portion, the illumination window having a light emitting surface from which an illumination light for illuminating an inside of a subject is emitted in a direction which includes a sideward direction of the insertion portion; and a mask configured to restrict sideward emission of the illumination light from the illumination window, wherein the mask has a shape inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis direction so as to increase a quantity of the illumination light emitted toward the second projecting portion from a distal end side toward a proximal end side of a distal end portion of the insertion portion.

Abstract: An endoscope illumination unit includes: an incident part into which illuminating light guided via a light guide enters; a light guide body that includes an annular section having an inner peripheral surface and that guides the illuminating light having entered via the incident part and emits the illuminating light from an outer surface of the annular section; and a reflective sheet that has opposite end portions and that is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the annular section and scatters the illuminating light, having entered the light guide body, within the annular section. The opposite end portions of the reflective sheet bent in conformity to the inner peripheral surface of the annular section is positioned at a portion of the inner peripheral surface remote from the incident part.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses and an aperture stop, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (3) are satisfied: ?max??min<4.0×10?5/° C.??(1), and 0.2<D1Ls/DsF<3.0??(3).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, an aperture stop, and a third lens, and each of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens is formed of a material having a refractive index not higher than 1.70, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: 2.0<?d/FL<5.5??(1), and 0.5<?1L/IH<3.0??(2).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, an aperture stop, a second lens having a positive refractive power, and a third lens, and an object-side surface of the third lens has a shape which his concave toward the object side, and each of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens is formed of a material having a refractive index not higher than 1.70, and the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: 0.5<?1L/IH<3.0??(1), where, IH denotes a maximum image height, and ?1L denotes an effective aperture at an object-side surface of the first lens.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, an aperture stop, a second lens having a positive refractive power, and a third lens having a positive refractive power, and each of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens is formed of a material having a refractive index not higher than 1.70, and the following conditional expressions (1), (2), (3), and (4) are satisfied: 0<f3/f2?1.7??(1), 0.5<?1L/IH<3.0??(2), 0.05<D1R2L/?d<0.5??(3), and ?0.4<f1/R1L<0.2??(4).

Abstract: A zoom image pickup apparatus includes a mount portion, a zoom lens which forms an image of light incident from the mount portion, and an image pickup element which is disposed at an image forming position. The zoom lens includes a plurality of lens unit, and a focusing lens unit, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: 1.5<fLt/fLw??(1), and |(yw7d??yw7d)/yw7d×100<0.66??(2).

Abstract: A zoom image pickup apparatus includes a mount portion, a zoom lens which forms an image of light incident from the mount portion, and an image pickup element which is disposed at an image forming position. The zoom lens includes in order from an image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a lens unit having a negative refractive power. The second lens unit is a focusing lens unit. At the time of zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end, the third lens unit and the lens unit having a negative refractive power positioned on an object side of the third lens unit move, and the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: ?L1<?3GL1??(1).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an image forming optical system which includes an aperture stop and a plurality of lens components, and an image pickup section which has a light-receiving surface which is not flat but is curved to be concave toward the image forming optical system. The image forming optical system includes a first lens component having a negative refractive power, a second lens component having a positive refractive power, and a third lens component having a positive refractive power. In the first lens component, a lens surface on the object side is convex toward the object side, and in a lens surface on the object side of the second lens component, a part of an area is concave toward the object side. Moreover, the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: 0.5<(R1L+R1R)/(R1L?R1R)<2.5??(1).

Abstract: A zoom lens includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, a third lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power. At the time of zooming, distances between lenses vary. A distance between the first lens unit and the second lens unit becomes smaller at a telephoto end than at a wide angle end, and a distance between the second lens unit and the third lens unit becomes longer at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end, and the following conditional expressions (1), (2), and (3) are satisfied: 0.4<|f1|/|f2|<1.2??(1) 0.3<L2/L1<0.95??(2) 0.6<Lt/Lw<1??(3).

Abstract: A zoom image pickup apparatus includes a mount portion, a zoom lens which forms an image of light incident from the mount portion, and an image pickup element which is disposed at an image forming position, wherein the zoom lens includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a fifth lens unit having a positive refractive power, and the fourth lens unit is a focusing lens unit, and at the time of zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end, only the second lens unit and the fourth lens unit move, and the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: ?L1<?3GL1??(1).

Abstract: A zoom lens includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a third lens unit having a negative refractive power, and at the time of zooming, movement of the first lens unit includes at least a movement toward an image side, the second lens unit moves integrally with an aperture stop, and the third lens unit moves toward the object side, and the first lens unit includes at least a negative lens and a positive lens, and the negative lens is disposed nearest to an object, and the following conditional expressions are satisfied: 0.75<(?2t/?2w)/(?3t/?3w)<1.38 ?0.70<?2w<?0.32 0.96<f2/fw<1.80.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, an aperture stop, and a third lens, and each of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens is formed of a material having a refractive index not higher than 1.70, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: 2.0<?d/FL<5.5 ??(1), and 0.5<?1L/IH<3.0 ??(2).