Abstract: A photovoltaic module includes a front protective layer, a back protective layer, a plurality of solar cells, and a filler. The front protective layer is transmissive to light and has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The back protective layer faces the second surface. The plurality of solar cells are between the second surface and the back protective layer. The filler is between the front protective layer and the plurality of solar cells and covers the plurality of solar cells. The filler includes a material with a chemical structure to generate a free acid. The front protective layer includes a weather-resistance resin. At least a part of the first surface is exposed to a space external to the photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module includes a front protective layer, a back protective layer, a plurality of solar cells, and a filler. The front protective layer is transmissive to light and has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The back protective layer faces the second surface. The plurality of solar cells are between the second surface and the back protective layer. The filler is between the front protective layer and the plurality of solar cells and covers the plurality of solar cells. The filler includes a material with a chemical structure to generate a free acid. The front protective layer includes a weather-resistance resin. At least a part of the first surface is exposed to a space external to the photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module includes a front protective layer, a back protective layer, a plurality of solar cells, and a filler. The front protective layer is transmissive to light and has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The back protective layer faces the second surface. The plurality of solar cells are between the second surface and the back protective layer. The filler is between the front protective layer and the plurality of solar cells and covers the plurality of solar cells. The filler includes a material with a chemical structure to generate a free acid. The front protective layer includes a weather-resistance resin. At least a part of the first surface is exposed to a space external to the photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A measurement method for a photovoltaic module includes loading and measuring . The loading includes loading a photovoltaic module onto a measurement device. The measuring includes measuring, with an output characteristic measurer included in the measurement device, an output voltage value and an output current value between a positive terminal and a negative terminal of the photovoltaic module, and measuring, with a weight measurer included in the measurement device, a weight value of the photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A measurement device for a photovoltaic module includes an output characteristic measurer and a weight measurer. The output characteristic measurer measures an output voltage value and an output current value between a positive terminal and a negative terminal of the photovoltaic module. The weight measurer measures a weight value of the photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a resin first protective layer being light transmissive, a second protective layer, a solar cell portion, a resin first filler layer, a resin second filler layer, a substrate, and an adhesive layer. The solar cell portion includes solar cell elements between the protective layers. The first filler layer facing the first protective layer covers the solar cell elements. The second filler layer facing the second protective layer covers the solar cell elements. The adhesive layer bonds the second protective layer and the substrate. The first protective layer is softer than the substrate. One or more of the second filler layer, the second protective layer, and the adhesive layer have a higher Young's modulus than the first filler layer.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a bearing housing, a compressor housing connected to the bearing housing via a seal plate, a compressor impeller, a diffuser passage, a diffuser surface, and a cooling passage. The bearing housing has a first facing surface, and a first extending surface that is formed continuously with the first facing surface. The seal plate has a second facing surface that faces the first facing surface, and a second extending surface that is formed continuously with the second facing surface. The second extending surface faces the first extending surface in a radial direction of the impeller shaft. The cooling passage is defined by the first facing surface, the first extending surface, the second facing surface, and the second extending surface.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device includes a light-absorbing layer including a compound semiconductor capable of photoelectric conversion, the compound semiconductor containing a group Ib element including Cu, a group IIIb element and a group VIb element; and a semiconductor layer on one surface-side of the light-absorbing layer, the semiconductor layer having a plane orientation different from that of the light-absorbing layer, the semiconductor layer containing a group Ib element including Cu, at least one element selected from Cd, Zn and In, and a group VIb element. The photoelectric conversion device includes a region in which Cu content decreases from the light-absorbing layer to the semiconductor layer across a junction interface.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device includes a light-absorbing layer including a compound semiconductor capable of photoelectric conversion, the compound semiconductor containing a group Ib element including Cu, a group IIIb element and a group VIb element; and a semiconductor layer on one surface-side of the light-absorbing layer, the semiconductor layer having a plane orientation different from that of the light-absorbing layer, the semiconductor layer containing a group Ib element including Cu, at least one element selected from Cd, Zn and In, and a group VIb element. The photoelectric conversion device includes a region in which Cu content decreases from the light-absorbing layer to the semiconductor layer across a junction interface.

Abstract: [Problem] In the case of further stacking a window layer or the like on a buffer layer, the buffer layer and the light absorption layer are likely to be damaged during the formation of the window layer due to inferior moisture resistance and plasma resistance, and photoelectric conversion elements sometimes fail to achieve any satisfactory conversion efficiency in terms of reliability. [Solving Means] Provided is a photoelectric conversion element including: a light absorption layer containing a I-B group element, a III-B group element, and a VI-B group element, which is provided on a lower electrode layer; a first semiconductor layer containing a III-B group element and a VI-B group element, which is provided on the light absorption layer; and a second semiconductor layer containing an oxide of a II-B group element, which is provided on the first semiconductor layer, wherein the light absorption layer comprises a doped layer region containing the II-B group element, on the first semiconductor layer side.