Abstract: The positions at which electrode pads are arranged can be made more flexible, and electrical interconnects to be installed can be reduced. In addition, the degree of integration of a chip increases, making it possible to realize a large-scale device (optical switch etc.). In an optical module of the present invention, an interposer (an electrical connection intermediary component with electrode pins attached onto upper and lower faces in an array) is laid over a chip that includes a device configured by using a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) fixed onto a fixing metal plate, and a control substrate for driving the device is laid over the interposer. These components are mechanically fixed by a fixing screw or the like, and the electrode pads of the chip and the control substrate are connected to each other via the interposer.

Abstract: An optical circuit to be manufactured on a wafer has a problem that characteristics are distributed (biased) in a wafer plane due to various causes in manufacturing. The present invention is characterized in that refractive index distribution of an upper cladding is adjusted on the basis of refractive index distribution of a lower cladding and a core film, a film thickness of the core film, and in-plane distribution such as an execution refractive index of an optical waveguide (calculated from a width of a core pattern).

Abstract: A pipe with a pipe main body made from fiber reinforced plastic and a connection portion made from resin and having substantially tubular shape, into which an end portion of the pipe main body is inserted, thereby being fixed to the end portion. The connection portion includes an annular cover portion that covers an end face of the pipe main body, and an external tapered male screw portion. When the pipe main body is connected to another pipe main body, the male screw portion is screwed with a substantially tubular tapered female screw portion of a coupling. The pipe has a tubular-shaped front-end protrusion located beyond a front-end portion of the male screw portion. The front-end protrusion includes a region of the pipe main body. The entire circumferential region of the pipe in the vicinity of the front-end portion is reinforced by the front-end protrusion.

Abstract: A pipe includes a tubular reinforced fiber structure, and a tubular matrix resin pipe main body centered on the central axis, together with a reinforced fiber structure, covering an internal side of the reinforced fiber structure on the central axis side, and an external side. An external end surface of the pipe main body has an inclined surface whose diameter is gradually reduced toward the end face, which connects the pipe main body to another pipe main body, with the main body inclined surface coupled to a substantially tubular-shaped coupling. A portion of the reinforced fiber structure near the main body inclined surface has a plurality of fiber bundles extending in parallel to the central axis. This prevents a shear failure of the fiber bundles of the reinforced fiber structure of the main body inclined surface.

Abstract: A pipe includes: a tubular pipe main body made from fiber reinforced plastic; and a substantially tubular connection portion centered on a central axis of the pipe main body, which receives an end portion of the pipe main body, thereby being fixed to the end portion, the connection portion having an external tapered male screw portion. The male screw portion engages a tapered female screw portion on an internal surface of a substantially tubular coupling of another pipe main body. The male screw portion includes, near a screw thread surface, a corresponding metallic mesh layer as a reinforcement layer, other regions of the tapered male screw portion being made from resin, to suppress breakage of the male screw portion.