Abstract: Methods and apparatus for modulating light using a tunable light modulation device. The tunable light modulation devices comprises an elastomer structure including at least one elastomer layer, a compliant electrode network of conducting fibers arranged on a first surface of the at least one elastomer layer, a patterned electric conductor arranged on a second surface of the at least one elastomer layer opposite the first surface. The patterned electric conductor includes a plurality of individually-addressable sections, and the compliant electrode network is configured to compress the at least one elastomer layer in the presence of an electric field between the compliant electrode network and one or more of the individually-addressable sections of the patterned electric conductor to produce a voltage-dependent roughening of the at least one elastomer layer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for modulating light using a tunable light modulation device. The tunable light modulation devices comprises an elastomer structure including at least one elastomer layer, a compliant electrode network of conducting fibers arranged on a first surface of the at least one elastomer layer, a patterned electric conductor arranged on a second surface of the at least one elastomer layer opposite the first surface. The patterned electric conductor includes a plurality of individually-addressable sections, and the compliant electrode network is configured to compress the at least one elastomer layer in the presence of an electric field between the compliant electrode network and one or more of the individually-addressable sections of the patterned electric conductor to produce a voltage-dependent roughening of the at least one elastomer layer.

Abstract: A structure includes a barrier layer which can include a silicon aluminum oxide, and a transparent conductive oxide layer which can include a layer of cadmium and tin.

Abstract: A multilayered structure including a first barrier layer adjacent to a substrate, a barrier bi-layer adjacent to the first barrier layer, the barrier bi-layer comprising a second barrier layer and a third barrier layer, a transparent conductive oxide layer adjacent to the barrier bi-layer, and a buffer layer adjacent to the transparent conductive oxide layer and method of forming the same. A multilayered substrate including a barrier layer structure having a plurality of barrier layers being alternating layers of low refractive index material and high refractive index material, a transparent conductive oxide layer adjacent to the barrier bi-layer and a buffer layer adjacent to the transparent conductive oxide layer. The multilayered structure may serve as a front contact for photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: The invention provides a substrate bearing a photocatalytic coating. In some embodiments, the coating includes a photocatalytic film comprising titania deposited over a layer comprising tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, niobium oxide or zirconium oxide. Additionally or alternatively, the photocatalytic film can include both titania and a material selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, tantalum, copper and silica. The invention also provides methods of depositing such coatings.