Abstract: A nitrification inhibitor treatment used as a soil mangement tool on grazed pasture soils. The treatment includes the application of nitrification inhibitors in solution form and/or line particle suspension form and/or in crystalline form to treat the whole area of grazed pasture soils to: reduce nitrate leaching; reduce nitrous oxide emissions; reduce postassium, calcium and magnesium leaching; and increase pasture production in both the animal urine patch areas and non-urine patch areas. The nitrification inhibitors can be applied in conjunction with irrigation water, by a spray vehicle or in a similar way to the application of agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: Sensing means for speed and direction of movement of a body (10) movable in an ambient fluid in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis (11). A central chamber (16) has a plurality of radial bores (15) extending to the outer surfaces (12) and opening at their outer ends to the ambient fluid so that as the body (10) moves, a pressure differential between the inner ends (18) and the outer ends (17) causes fluid flow in the passages (15). Flow sensing means comprises a sound source and sound receivers (21) associated with respective bores (15) is provided to determine the phase shift caused by the fluid flow in each bore and hence determine the direction and speed of fluid flow. Processing means (32) determines the speed and direction of movement of body (10).