Abstract: A method of reducing particulate emissions from a direct injection spark ignition engine, the method comprising combusting in the engine a gasoline composition comprising as an additive a quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for producing ultrashort optical pulses are described. A high-power, solid-state, passively mode-locked laser can be manufactured in a compact module that can be incorporated into a portable instrument. The mode-locked laser can produce sub-50-ps optical pulses at a repetition rates between 200 MHz and 50 MHz, rates suitable for massively parallel data-acquisition. The optical pulses can be used to generate a reference clock signal for synchronizing data-acquisition and signal-processing electronics of the portable instrument.

Abstract: A fan for gas turbine engine that includes hub and annular array of fan blades mounted to hub and extending radially outwardly from hub, each fan blade includes blade root. The hub includes a plurality of hub grooves having shape complimentary to shape of blade root and each hub groove receives and radially retains one blade root. A slot is provided on the suction side and on the pressure side of each blade root. Plurality of keys is provided, each key engages with slots in one blade root and with corresponding hub groove so as to axially retain fan blade. The key includes two arms and joining member, two arms are received in slots provided on blade root and joining member extends between the arms. Interface is defined between key arms and slots in blade root, and greater or equal percentage of interface is curved than is planar.

Abstract: Fan for gas turbine engine includes hub and annular array of fan blades mounted to hub and extending radially outwardly from hub, each fan blade includes blade root. The hub includes plurality of hub grooves having shape complimentary to shape of blade root and each hub groove receives and radially retains one blade root. A slot is provided on the suction side and on the pressure side of each blade root. Plurality of keys is provided, each key engages with slots in one blade root and with corresponding hub groove so as to axially retain fan blade. The key includes two arms and joining member, two arms are received in slots provided on blade root and joining member extends between the arms. Interface is defined between key arms and slots in blade root, and greater or equal percentage of interface is curved than is planar.

Abstract: An image-processing method comprising convolving a selected feature of interest (FOI) within the image with a mask of a first size, repeating the convolution with a mask of a second size, and calculating the ratio of the convolution responses, as an indication of the size of the FOI. Preferably the convolution masks are Laplacian of Gaussian. The method can be useful for prioritizing potential targets in a field of view for presentation to an operator.

Abstract: A method of forming an internal structure in a hollow component that includes the steps of forming an assembly having first, second, and third plates the first and second plates each with a substantially planar surface and a surface that includes at least one protrusion and is on the exterior facing surfaces of the assembly. The third plate is sandwiched between the first and second plates. The method also includes the steps of selectively bonding portions of the third plate to sections of the first and second plates substantially opposite the at least one protrusions of the first and second plates; and forming the assembly against a die such that the at least one protrusions of the first and second plates are transferred from the exterior facing surfaces to the interior facing surfaces of the first and second plates.

Abstract: An image-processing method comprising convolving a selected feature of interest (FOI) within the image with a mask of a first size, repeating the convolution with a mask of a second size, and calculating the ratio of the convolution responses, as an indication of the size of the FOI. Preferably the convolution masks are Laplacian of Gaussian. The method can be useful for prioritising potential targets in a field of view for presentation to an operator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of displaying stereographic images of a region R. The method comprises: moving a vehicle (10) relative to the region, the vehicle carrying a camera system (12) for acquiring images I of the region; during movement of the vehicle relative to the region acquiring a series of temporally sequential multiple images (I1, I2, . . . ) of the region at respective multiple different spaced apart locations (L1, L2, . . . ) of the vehicle relative to the region; displaying successive stereographic images of the region during movement of the vehicle relative to the region. Each stereographic image comprises a first of said multiple images acquired at a first location and a second of said multiple images acquired at a second location which are temporally spaced apart in the series one from the other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of displaying stereographic images of a region R. The method comprises: moving a vehicle (10) relative to the region, the vehicle carrying a camera system (12) for acquiring images I of the region; during movement of the vehicle relative to the region acquiring a series of temporally sequential multiple images (I1, I2, . . . ) of the region at respective multiple different spaced apart locations (L1, L2, . . . ) of the vehicle relative to the region; displaying successive stereographic images of the region during movement of the vehicle relative to the region. Each stereographic image comprises a first of said multiple images acquired at a first location and a second of said multiple images acquired at a second location which are temporally spaced apart in the series one from the other.

Abstract: A method of forming an internal structure in a hollow component that includes the steps of forming an assembly having first, second, and third plates the first and second plates each with a substantially planar surface and a surface that includes at least one protrusion and is on the exterior facing surfaces of the assembly. The third plate is sandwiched between the first and second plates. The method also includes the steps of selectively bonding portions of the third plate to sections of the first and second plates substantially opposite the at least one protrusions of the first and second plates; and forming the assembly against a die such that the at least one protrusions of the first and second plates are transferred from the exterior facing surfaces to the interior facing surfaces of the first and second plates.

Abstract: A rotor blade, a rotor disc (24) or load bearing assembly having at least one bearing surface (22) for contact with a corresponding bearing surface (28). At least one selected area of the bearing surface (30,32) which, in operation, is an area of alternating stress greater than about 50 MPa (peak to peak), is configured to have a co-efficient of friction lower than the remainder of the bearing surface (34). The selected area (30,32) having a co-efficient of friction lower than the remainder of the bearing surface (34) may be provided by the application of a dry film lubricant, with the remaining area(s) (34) of said bearing surfaces (22) being substantially free of the said coating.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a multi-step process, the method comprising implementing a process comprising a plurality of steps represented by a process flow diagram, creating a table for recording data associated with each of the respective plurality of steps, recording data in the table responsive to activities associated with respective ones of the plurality of steps as the process implementation progresses, providing a display of at least a portion of the process flow diagram and at least a portion of the table, and providing an indication on the display of a process step of the flow diagram associated with a data entry selected from the table.

Abstract: A timpani base guard configured to prevent foreign material from entering a timpani base. The timpani base includes a timpani base cavity and a timpani pedal support. The base guard includes a substantially circular member mounted over the timpani base cavity. The circular member is configured to obstruct foreign material from entering the timpani base cavity. A substantially rectangular member is mounted over the timpani pedal support. The rectangular member is configured to obstruct foreign material from entering the timpani pedal support.