Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods useful for modulating protein expression in eukaryotic cells. The invention also provides transgenic plants, edited plant cells, plant parts, and seeds comprising depleted or optimized Kozak sequences and methods of their use.

Abstract: Three dimensional X-ray imaging systems are described in this application. In particular, this application describes a 3D dental intra-oral imaging (3DIO) system and associated methods using a series of 2D image projections. The methods include making a 3D image of an object by providing an X-ray source on a first side of a object to be imaged, positioning a substantially stationary X-ray detector on an opposite side of the object from the X-ray source, moving the X-ray source in a circular motion to multiple positions on the first side of the object, collecting multiple two dimensional (2D) images of the object in less than about 10 seconds when the X-ray source is located in the multiple positions, and reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) image using the multiple 2D images. In some methods, 15 to 100 2D images of the object can be collected by pulsing the X-ray source for about 5 ms to about 40 ms per image in each of the multiple positions.

Abstract: Image compression techniques and image handling and display methods that can be used with imaging devices, including X-ray devices, are described in this application. In particular, this application describes a real-time imaging method by providing a portable x-ray imaging device containing an internal power source and an internal power supply, capturing a first x-ray image using the x-ray imaging device, compressing the first x-ray image using a compression process performed by a processor located within the portable x-ray imaging device and then wirelessly transmitting the compressed first x-ray image to a display device, capturing a second x-ray image using the x-ray imaging device, compressing the second x-ray image using the processor and then wirelessly transmitting the compressed second x-ray image to the display device; and then displaying the first and second x-ray images on the display device at a frame rate of more than about 8 frames per second.

Abstract: This application describes an internal, re-chargeable power source for a portable medical device. The power source contains a removable battery pack comprising a lithium-containing material with 5 to 7 battery cells in series, each individual cell having a current capacity ranging from about 3000 mAh to about 3700 mAh. The power source can have a total energy capacity ranging from about 65 Watt-hour to about 170 Watt-hours. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: This application describes an internal, re-chargeable power source for a portable medical device. The power source contains a removable battery pack comprising a lithium-containing material with 5 to 7 battery cells in series, each individual cell having a current capacity ranging from about 3000 mAh to about 3700 mAh. The power source can have a total energy capacity ranging from about 65 Watt-hour to about 170 Watt-hours. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: Image compression techniques and image handling and display methods that can be used with imaging devices, including X-ray devices, are described in this application. In particular, this application describes a real-time imaging method by providing a portable x-ray imaging device containing an internal power source and an internal power supply, capturing a first x-ray image using the x-ray imaging device, compressing the first x-ray image using a compression process performed by a processor located within the portable x-ray imaging device and then wirelessly transmitting the compressed first x-ray image to a display device, capturing a second x-ray image using the x-ray imaging device, compressing the second x-ray image using the processor and then wirelessly transmitting the compressed second x-ray image to the display device; and then displaying the first and second x-ray images on the display device at a frame rate of more than about 8 frames per second.

Abstract: An x-ray window includes a mount with a support frame and an aperture. A window film has a stack of layers including: a thin film layer comprising a material selected from the group consisting of diamond, graphene, diamond-like carbon, beryllium, and combinations thereof; a boron hydride layer; and a polymer layer. The window film, including the thin film layer, the boron hydride layer, and the polymer layer, extends across the aperture and is supported by the support frame. The window film is attached to the support frame, defining a sealed joint. The layers are capable of withstanding a differential pressure of at least 1 atmosphere. The window film is substantially transmissive to x-rays having an energy in the range of 100-20,000 electronvolts.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a substrate, a cathode, an outer ring, an anode, an electrically insulating layer, and an electrically conducting layer. The substrate includes a semiconducting material having a first conduction type. The substrate has a first face and a second face substantially parallel to the first face. A cathode is disposed at the second face and has the first conduction type. An outer ring, having the first conduction type, is disposed at an outer perimeter of the first face of the substrate. An anode, having the second conduction type, is disposed at the first face of the substrate within an inner perimeter of the outer ring. An electrically insulating layer is disposed over the outer ring. An electrically conducting layer is disposed over the electrically insulating layer and over the outer ring. The electrically conducting layer electrically is insulated from the outer ring by the electrically insulating layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a substrate, a cathode, an outer ring, an anode, an electrically insulating layer, and an electrically conducting layer. The substrate includes a semiconducting material having a first conduction type. The substrate has a first face and a second face substantially parallel to the first face. A cathode is disposed at the second face and has the first conduction type. An outer ring, having the first conduction type, is disposed at an outer perimeter of the first face of the substrate. An anode, having the second conduction type, is disposed at the first face of the substrate within an inner perimeter of the outer ring. An electrically insulating layer is disposed over the outer ring. An electrically conducting layer is disposed over the electrically insulating layer and over the outer ring. The electrically conducting layer electrically is insulated from the outer ring by the electrically insulating layer.

Abstract: An x-ray window comprising a plurality of thin film layers stacked together, including a thin film layer and a polymer layer. The thin film layer can be diamond, graphene, diamond-like carbon, beryllium, and combinations thereof. The polymer layer can be a polyimide. A boron hydride layer may also be included.

Abstract: A radiation detector with an integrated collimator. The collimator may be deposited on an anode or cathode face of the radiation detector. An insulating material may be deposited between the collimator and the radiation detector if the collimator is deposited on the anode side. The collimator may be comprised of a single layer or of multiple layers. Patterning and etching may be used to create an aperture in the collimator to allow x-rays to impinge on a full charge collection region of the radiation detector intrinsic region.

Abstract: An x-ray window comprising a plurality of thin film layers stacked together, including a thin film layer and a polymer layer. The thin film layer can be diamond, graphene, diamond-like carbon, beryllium, and combinations thereof. The polymer layer can be a polyimide. A boron hydride layer may also be included.

Abstract: A 4-Terminal JFET includes a substrate having a first conduction type and an upper layer having a second, opposite, conduction type over the substrate. A gate and a source are embedded in the upper layer. A gate pad is electrically connected to the gate. A region, which has a first conduction type, is formed in the upper layer and separates the upper layer into two sections. This region reduces the overall capacitance between the gate pad and the source. Reduced overall gate to source capacitance can result in reduced noise amplification in the JFET.

Abstract: A radiation detector with an integrated collimator. The collimator may be deposited on an anode or cathode face of the radiation detector. An insulating material may be deposited between the collimator and the radiation detector if the collimator is deposited on the anode side. The collimator may be comprised of a single layer or of multiple layers. Patterning and etching may be used to create an aperture in the collimator to allow x-rays to impinge on a full charge collection region of the radiation detector intrinsic region.

Abstract: A 4-Terminal JFET includes a substrate having a first conduction type and an upper layer having a second, opposite, conduction type over the substrate. A gate and a source are embedded in the upper layer. A gate pad is electrically connected to the gate. A region, which has a first conduction type, is formed in the upper layer and separates the upper layer into two sections. This region reduces the overall capacitance between the gate pad and the source. Reduced overall gate to source capacitance can result in reduced noise amplification in the JFET.

Abstract: A radiation window device to transmit radiation as part of an x-ray source or detector includes a support to be subject to a substantial vacuum, and an opening configured to transmit radiation. A film is mounted directly on the support across the opening, and has a material and a thickness selected to transmit soft x-rays. An adhesive directly adheres the film to the support. A coating covers exposed portions of at least one of the evacuated or ambient sides of the film, and covers a portion of the support surrounding the film. The support, film and adhesive form a vacuum tight assembly capable of maintaining the substantial vacuum when one side is subject to the substantial vacuum. In addition, the vacuum tight assembly can withstand a temperature of greater than approximately 250 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a soil injection apparatus in which a probe having on insertion tip is inserted into the soil. A pair of probe guide assemblies are positioned adjacent each side of the probe to provide stability of the probe and prevent breaking of the probe. A probe hydraulic system extends and retracts the probe from the soil. A liquid pumping system pumps liquid into an outlet of the probe after insertion of the probe into the soil. A control system activates the probe hydraulic system and liquid pumping system. Preferably, a switch is used to activate the pumping system to pump liquid into the soil after the probe has been inserted a predetermined depth into the soil. The soil injection apparatus can be attached to a self-propelled vehicle. A carrier can be attached to the vehicle for holding debris removed from the soil injection site.