Abstract: An impact sprinkler has a nozzle connected to a housing and a discharge deflector member connected to a rotatable shaft assembly. The sprinkler has different replaceable nozzles and discharge deflectors for providing desired discharge characteristics. The shaft assembly and housing have contacting braking surfaces outside of the water flow providing a frictional braking force dependent on both water flow rate and pressure. The sprinkler has a deflection member for rotating an impact assembly relative to the shaft assembly while a pin supports the impact assembly at a position above the deflection member. A lower portion of the shaft assembly may be positioned in a recess in the housing such that a surface on the shaft assembly contacts a surface in the recess, and a highly wear-resistant material may be disposed on a surface of either the shaft assembly or the recess for providing improved wear characteristics.

Abstract: A rotary impact sprinkler is disclosed having a nozzle connected to a housing and a discharge deflector member connected to a rotatable shaft assembly without a dynamic seal between the nozzle and the deflector. The sprinkler may be provided with different nozzles and discharge deflectors that are easily removed and replaced for providing desired water flow and discharge characteristics. The shaft assembly and housing may have contacting braking surfaces outside of the water flow. The braking surfaces may provide a frictional braking force dependent on both water flow rate and water flow pressure. The sprinkler has a rotatable impact assembly supported by the shaft assembly and including a deflection member for rotating the impact assembly relative to the shaft assembly. The shaft assembly may have a pin for supporting the impact assembly at a position above the deflection member.

Abstract: A rotary impact sprinkler is disclosed having a nozzle connected to a housing and a discharge deflector member connected to a rotatable shaft assembly without a dynamic seal between the nozzle and the deflector. The sprinkler may be provided with different nozzles and discharge deflectors that are easily removed and replaced for providing desired water flow and discharge characteristics. The shaft assembly and housing may have contacting braking surfaces outside of the water flow. The braking surfaces may provide a frictional braking force dependent on both water flow rate and water flow pressure. The sprinkler has a rotatable impact assembly supported by the shaft assembly and including a deflection member for rotating the impact assembly relative to the shaft assembly. The shaft assembly may have a pin for supporting the impact assembly at a position above the deflection member.

Abstract: A process for the micropropagation of plant material. The process comprises excising a shoot tip having a length in the range 0.6 to 3 millimeters from a bud of the plant. The excised tip is placed in a first nutrient medium containing benzyl adenine to induce shoot elongation and the elongated shoot decapitated. The decapitated shoot is placed in a nutrient medium to stimulate lateral shoot induction and elongation. Shoots one centimeter or more are excised and the excised shoots are implanted in a rooting nutrient medium for root production.